Herbal Medicine Will not be a Recognized Medical Specialty

For over a year now, I have been covering the petition from the American College of Veterinary Botanical Medicine (ACVBM) seeking recognition as a medical specialty from the American Board of Veterinary Specialties (ABVS). I have argued that the discipline does not yet have adequate scientific evidence to support this status and that the ACVBM is dominated by proponents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and other pseudoscientific folk practices and cannot be trusted to take a truly scientific approach to herbal medicine when the leadership ignores or rejects scientific methods and relies primarily on tradition and personal belief in their own herbal prescribing.

The ABVS has apparently rejected the ACVBM petition, though the only indication of this comes from a brief statement on the ACVBM website:

Unfortunately [the ABVS] rejected our petition to be a stand alone college as we are a relatively new entity to them, but did open the door for us to apply under a currently existing college, specifically the College of Clinical Pharmacology.  At the ACVIM in June, representatives of the ACVBM will be meeting with representatives of the College of Clinical Pharmacology to discuss what being under their ‘wing’ will entail.

I have asked the ABVS if they intend to make their decision or the outcome of their review of the ACVBM petition public in any form, but they have not yet responded.

A subspecialty status under the American College of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology (ACVCP) has some advantages over an independent specialty status in that the ACVCP is a soundly scientific organization and would, hopefully, hold herbalists to a higher, more scientific standard of evidence than they would require of themselves. It is still problematic, however, in that it creates the impression of scientific legitimacy for herbal prescribing practices before they have done the work of validating specific treatments for specific conditions or even demonstrated the validity of most basic theoretical principles underlying the discipline.

The inclusion of unproven or clearly ineffective methods under the auspices of otherwise legitimate specialty areas is not unusual. The American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation (ACVSMR), for example, includes chiropractic, acupuncture, herbal medicine and even the quintessential quackery of homeopathy as 3-6% of the content of the examination for board-certification under the Trojan Horse label of “Integrative Medicine.” I’ve discussed many times before how such a concept is a dangerous opening for unproven and useless therapies to weasel their way into mainstream medicine without going through the process of demonstrating true safety and efficacy via legitimate scientific methods. It would not surprise me if subspecialty status for herbal medicine under the ACVCP exacerbated this problem. I will have to see, of course, the details of any such application before I can draw any conclusions about whether it might serve to make herbal medicine a truly scientific discipline or give a patina of legitimacy to mystical folk medicine practices.

For now, I will wait with interest to see if the ABVS makes any additional information available and how the potential integration of herbalism into the ACVCP proceeds.

Addendum 8/21/2018- The ABVS has responded to my inquiry and will only indicate that they recommended the ACVBM seek recognition as a subspecialty under an existing specialty college. Apparently, no additional information about the process or the decision will be made public.

Addendum 9/2/2018-
One of the members of the ACVBM petition organizing committee directed me to a recent newsletter from the World Association of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (WATCVM) for more information about the ABVS response to the petition:

Additional tentative ‘Big News’, Herbal medicine including TCVM, has a potential ‘door opened’ as The American College of Veterinary Botanical Medicine’s petition to be recognized as a boarded veterinary specialty was not rejected, but not accepted. The ACVBM was told that although the petition was impressive and complete, the ABVS feels unwilling to have the ACVBM as a stand-alone college. So the petition to be a stand-alone college was not accepted. But, the ABVS instructed the ACVBM to resubmit the petition under the ‘wings’ of a pre-existing college, specifically the College of Clinical Pharmacology. I am sure all are aware of the irony of this, as drug therapy is a molecular perversion of herbal medicine.

The ACVBM will start exploring this route being clear that the ACVBM must retain its autonomy and ability to hold true to the herbal traditions that are the foundation of herbal medicine. The ACVBM will need to re-submit its petition by November of 2018.

I have to wonder how eager the College of Clinical Pharmacology will be to accept as a subsidiary specialty a group whose leadership views their discipline as “a molecular perversion of herbal medicine?”

Posted in Herbs and Supplements | 6 Comments

Grain-free Diets and Heart Disease in Dogs

For some years now, grains such as wheat and corn in dog and cat foods have been demonized by many in the alternative medicine world. There has never been any real scientific evidence to support all the hysterical claims about grains as a risk factor for disease, and there is no reason to believe so-called “grain-free” diets have any health benefits at all. Sadly, many pet food companies have chosen to play into this fad by offering such diets and marketing them in ways that suggest they are better for our pets than diets which contain such ingredients. This has led to an increase in potato and taro root and other alternative carbohydrate sources in dog and coat food with no evidence that these are in any way safer or healthier than the much-despised wheat and corn.

I’ve been fairly neutral towards this diet fad. While I have always maintained that the claims about grains are implausible and unsubstantiated, I assumed that as long as the alternative diets met the established nutritional standards for pet foods generally, they were probably no worse than existing diets even if there was no reason to think they were better. I have a natural dislike for pseudoscientific fads, but I still believe in judging claims on the evidence, and without any evidence I refrained from any judgement against such diets.

Earlier this year, however, I saw a couple of golden retrievers with an unusual heart condition, known as Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM). This can be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors, but these cases were a bit atypical, and after some testing we discovered that these dogs had a deficiency in an amino acid called taurine, which has been associated with DCM. This deficiency is unusual in dogs fed balanced and complete commercial diets, and these dogs were on commercial grain-free diets that supposedly included all necessary nutrients.

Further investigation turned up low taurine levels in some additional dogs of the same breed and on similar diets. Since then, the cardiology and nutrition services at the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine have begun investigating the potential link between grain-free diets and DCM in golden retrievers, and potential other breeds. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a notice warning pet owners about the potential that diet, including grain-free diets and those with unusual primary protein sources or other uncommon ingredients, may be a risk factor for this disease, and the national media has begun to raise alarms about this issue.

Dr. Jennifer Larsen, a nutritionist at UC Davis, has written an excellent summary of the nuances of this issue, and she has agreed to let me share some of it here:

Taurine is not required to be present in dog foods. Taurine is an amino acid that is not nutritionally essential for dogs; however, there are dietary factors (such as protein source, fiber type and concentration, and cooking or processing methods) and individual dog characteristics (such as breed and calorie needs) that impact how efficiently taurine may be made and used by the body. The sulfur amino acid content and bioavailability in food is important though. The problem with dietary deficiency-related cardiac disease is multifactorial and is not just seen in goldens.

1- in many grain free diets, legumes are used to provide the carb (starch) but also protein and fiber – you cannot tell which ingredients are providing various proportions of nutrients from an ingredient list

2- legume protein is low in sulfur amino acids (methionine and cystine- the precursors for taurine synthesis)

3- some fiber types/concentrations increase fecal taurine content and promotes bacterial degradation of taurine (dogs and cats must use taurine to conjugate bile acids) so taurine recycling is not as efficient and more is lost

4- dogs need an adequate supply of precursors and to be able to make taurine fast enough to replace obligatory as well as excessive losses. When Newfoundlands and beagles were compared (during the Investigation into the lamb and rice issue with DCM in the 90s), it was found that Newfoundlands made taurine more slowly, so there are differences among breeds and probably individuals

5- dogs with lower than predicted calorie needs (“easy keepers”) also might not eat enough food and therefore enough protein to supply adequate precursors

6- some grain free diets (and other types of diets), are not high in protein (and therefore sulfur amino acids) since they use more expensive exotic or uncommon sources.

Any of these or a combination may impact taurine status in the dog.

There have been recent cases seen in our hospital and elsewhere of dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to taurine deficiency in dogs that have been associated with commercial diets containing certain ingredients (such as legumes – beans, lentils, and peas – and root vegetables – white and sweet potatoes). Data collection and interpretation is ongoing for these recent cases.

In the past we have also seen cases of dilated cardiomyopathy and taurine deficiency in dogs eating home-prepared diets (with either cooked and raw ingredients and those with and without meat), and other commercial diets with various ingredients and nutritional profiles. Some of those cases and investigations have been published (others can be found on PubMed):

Backus RC, Cohen G, Pion PD, Good KL, Rogers QR, Fascetti AJ. Taurine deficiency in Newfoundlands fed commercially available complete and balanced diets. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2003 Oct 15;223(8):1130-6.

Fascetti AJ, Reed JR, Rogers QR, Backus RC. Taurine deficiency in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy: 12 cases (1997-2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2003 Oct 15;223(8):1137-41.

Tôrres CL, Backus RC, Fascetti AJ, Rogers QR. Taurine status in normal dogs fed a commercial diet associated with taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2003 Oct;87(9-10):359-72.

Bélanger MC, Ouellet M, Queney G, Moreau M. Taurine-deficient dilated cardiomyopathy in a family of golden retrievers. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2005 Sep-Oct;41(5):284-91.

Freeman LM, Michel KE, Brown DJ, Kaplan PM, Stamoulis ME, Rosenthal SL, Keene BW, Rush JE. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in Dalmatians: nine cases (1990-1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1996 Nov 1;209(9):1592-6.

Due to the variable and sometimes incomplete reported diet history information for recently affected dogs, the inability to predict diet performance in any individual from nutritional profile/ingredient information, and lack of proof of causation, it is not possible to identify specific dietary characteristics nor specific products that are or are not recommended at this point.

If you have concerns specific to your own pet, we encourage you to reach out to your primary care veterinarian for guidance, possible testing (which may include a physical exam, blood tests, radiographs and/or an echocardiogram), and dietary recommendations. Taurine status can be assessed by measuring it in blood. Ideally two blood samples are assessed at the same time, and collected *prior to changing the diet or adding supplements*: 1) heparinized whole blood and 2) plasma that has been centrifuged and separated from blood cells immediately after collection.

Bottom Line
Nutrition and metabolism are complicated, and the exact relationship between dietary composition, breed genetics, and other factors leading to DCM is not yet clear. It is too early to say with certainty whether the diets are the primary cause of DCM in these dogs or whether other breeds may also be at risk. However, it is clear that the idea behind the health claims for grain-free diets is speculative at best and very likely untrue. Extreme diet fads hardly ever turn out to be a good idea in people, and the same is probably true for pets.

If you are feeding a grain-free diet, there is no need to panic. If you own a golden retriever or other breed that has been shown to be develop DCM in the past, it makes sense to talk to your vet and potentially have taurine levels tested or other diagnostics done depending on the circumstances. The diet you are feeding may be perfectly fine, but it is also probable not any better than any other diet with more conventional ingredients, and there is now some small indication that it may place some dogs at greater risk for this preventable disease.

The links above to the FDA and UC Davis Vet School will provide more information.

Posted in Nutrition | 74 Comments

Evidence Update: Promising Clinical Trial of CBD for Arthritis Treatment in Dogs

Introduction
At long last, there is a published veterinary clinical trial of a cannabis-based treatment! As I say in nearly every article I write, a single study neither definitively proves nor disproves even the specific hypothesis being studied, much less all of the other claims that might be made about the treatment being studied. Nevertheless, this is an important and welcome beginning to the process of a science-based evaluation of cannabis as a potential therapy for veterinary patients.


The Study
Gamble L-J, Boesch JM, Frye CW, Schwark WS, Mann S, Wolfe L, Brown H, Berthelsen ES and Wakshlag JJ (2018) Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of Cannabidiol Treatment in Osteoarthritic Dogs. Front. Vet. Sci. 5:165. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00165


This study was conducted at the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. It had two components. First, 4 beagles were given a commercial cannabis-based product containing predominantly cannabidiol (CBD), with low levels of THC and other compounds, in an olive oil base. Previous research has suggested that an oil-based formula is much more readily absorbed than other oral forms of CBD. The investigators measured the blood levels of CBD obtained at two doses (2mg/kg and 8mg/kg), and calculated the half-life of elimination, which provides an estimate of how long these blood levels may be maintained and, thus, how often it might be necessary to give a drug to achieve effective levels. These beagles were also observed for any obvious adverse effects.

The second component of the study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial looking at the potential effects of the product on measures of pain and function in dogs with arthritis. 22 dogs were enrolled in the study, and 16 completed the trial and were included in the data analysis. Two validated owner-employed scales of pain and function were used, the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) and the Hudson Visual Analogue Scale (Hudson). The dogs were also evaluated for pain, lameness, and weight-bearing by veterinarians. Some objective measures were used as well (force-plate measurements), but due to the fact that most dogs were lame in multiple legs, these data were unreliable and so not included in the analysis.

The design involved randomly assigning dogs to receive 4 weeks of either CBD or placebo treatment and evaluation at 2 and 4 weeks, then a washout period followed by a switch to the other treatment. Bloodwork was also done at the start of each treatment and at 2 and 4 weeks into the treatment for both placebo and CBD periods. An olive oil placebo with anise and peppermint oil was used as a placebo to mimic the appearance and odor of the CBD product (no measures were used, however, to determine if the owners and vets were effectively fooled by this technique). The subjects received the CBD, at the 2mg/kg dose, or the placebo every 12 hours.

The patients were mostly medium to large dogs (18-50kg), and about 2/3 were females. The subjects had arthritis in a variety of joints, and 9/16 were taking either carprofen or meloxicam during the study. The authors indicated that fish oil and glucosamine/chondroitin were also permitted but didn’t report whether any of the subjects were taking these agents.


Results
Pharmacokinetic Study
This component of the study showed significant absorption of CBD. The higher dose, not surprisingly, resulted in blood levels more than 4 times those achieved with the lower dose. There is no reliable data, in dogs or any other species, for how much CBD one has to get into the blood to achieve a desirable effect or how much might cause harm, so this preliminary data is useful. It isn’t yet clear, however, what concentration should be seen as a therapeutic target or as an upper limit.

The elimination half-life was about 4 hours. This suggests that to maintain consistent blood levels, it might be necessary to dose this product 3-4 times per day. As the authors indicate, longer-term pharmacokinetic studies with a variety of dose and administration intervals are needed before the optimal amount and frequency can be known.

Clinical Trial
There were statistically significant and clinically meaningful decreases from baseline in CBPI and Hudson indices at 2 and 4 weeks during the CBD dosing, and there were no changes in these levels during the placebo period. Veterinary assessments more mixed, with decreases in pain measures during CBD administration but no apparent effect on lameness or weight-bearing (as opposed to NSAID use, which did reduce lameness score as well as pain)

Bloodwork showed few changes during the treatment and placebo periods. Creatinine and BUN increased during both periods, and this was associated with NSAID use, however the numbers always stayed within the normal range. The only clinical laboratory change that appeared meaningful was an increased in the liver enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALK) in dogs receiving CBD. Previous research has shown that CBD affects the cytochrome enzyme system in the liver, and this kind of change in lab value is likely a reflection of this. The ALK elevation by itself does not suggest any harm to the liver, but the effects of CBD on the cytochrome system could lead to interactions with other drugs, which could present safety or efficacy concerns for these drugs.

The authors did not report any adverse effects in the study subjects, but they also did not report any mechanism for monitoring or evaluating undesirable effects, so it’s unclear whether any formal monitoring of adverse effects was done as part of the study.


Strengths
All research studies have strengths and limitations which must be taken into account in order to determine how much confidence to place in the results and the extent to which the results can be applied to real-world patients, who may differ from the research subjects in various ways. The major strength of this study was a solid design incorporating most of the major tools for minimizing bias and other errors.

The subjects were randomly assigned to treatment order, and the crossover design further reduces potential differences between treatment and placebo groups that can confuse the results. Both owners and veterinarians were blinded to the treatment, though there was no specific measurement of whether the method used for blinding was successful. About half of the owners were “intimately involved in veterinary medical care,” presumably being vets or veterinary technicians/nurses. It is unclear how many of the owners had previous experience with medical or recreational cannabis and might have been able to distinguish the treatment product from the placebo.

Appropriate statistical methods were employed, and the outcome measurement tools (the CBPI and Hudson index) were established and validated measures of clinically relevant signs.

Limitations
The authors themselves acknowledge that the sample size of 16 dogs is a limitation of this study. Extensive evidence shows that smaller studies are more likely to generate unreliable results which don’t accurately predict the effects of treatments in larger populations.

It is also concerning that 27% of the subjects initially enrolled dropped out of the study, since loss to followup greater that 20% is often considered a risk for bias in such studies. The authors report the reasons for dropout of 5 of the 6 patients not included, and there is no obvious pattern of differences in withdrawal between the study and control periods to suggest these cases would affect the final results.

The subjects were predominantly large breed and about 2/3 were female. This is reasonably representative of the population of dogs seen for treatment of arthritis in general practice, but it does limit the generalizability of the study results to small-breed dogs.

Both the pharmacokinetic and clinical trial components of the study were short (24 hours after single dose, and 4 weeks respectively). These are reasonable and practical starting points for clinical research, but longer-term studies are needed to better evaluate optimal dosing and the effects of CBD over the long term.

The outcome measurements used were subjective instruments, but they were both commonly used and formally validated tools, and the assessors were blinded, so this likely had little impact on the results. Meaningful improvement on objective measures would certainly be a desirable indication of the true impact of CBD on arthritis symptoms.

The fact that many of the owners were apparently veterinary professionals is also an interesting wrinkle to this study. Certainly, this is not representative of the general pet-owning population, and both the use and evaluation of CBD products might very well be different in the hands of owners without medical training. However, the blinding of the owners (if it was effective) should at least diminish any impact of this on the results.

There was no apparent placebo effect in this study, which is highly unusual for an arthritis study, especially one using subjective measurement instruments. The authors suggest one explanation for this may be that so many owners were veterinary professionals and might be less susceptible to placebo effects. This is a common but inaccurate notion, and studies of other arthritis treatments have shown that caregiver placebo effects impact veterinarians to nearly the same extent as pet owners. It’s not clear what, if any implication this lack of a placebo effect might have for the results of the study in general, but it is a little odd.

Also concerning is the lack of any reported adverse effects of the CBD. Human trials showing benefits from CBD and other cannabis-based treatments have consistently showed relatively high rates of minor side effects, as well as some that limit the tolerability of the treatment. This is actually a good sign since any real, truly effective medicine is going to have some risks and undesirable effects that have to be balanced against its benefits. Any study showing no adverse effects at all is a bit worrisome since it could be a sign the treatment is not truly active or that the study did not properly detect side effects that may emerge once the treatment is more widely used in the real world.


Other Issues
There are a couple of other interesting issues that arise in this study which are not, strictly speaking, limitations of the study itself but which might influence the application of the results to clinical practice.

The only treatments reported for study subjects other than the CBD and placebo were NSAIDs, either meloxicam or carprofen. The authors indicated that fish oil and glucosamine/chrondroitin were allowed, but they didn’t report whether or not any subjects were taking these. Glucosamine and chondroitin very likely have no meaningful clinical effects, so this would probably not have affected the results. There is some weak evidence that fish oil, however, might improve arthritis symptoms, so hopefully this was not an overlooked variable in this study.

NSAID use was associated with improvement in pain and in function, as expected. Whether or not the CBD had more or less impact given with or without concurrent NSAID use could not be determined from this small study. This is an important open question given that it seems many owners are choosing CBD as a first-line therapy prior to using NSAIDs due to beliefs about the safety and efficacy of the two treatments that are not always evidence based. One of the most common problems in human medicine is the unanticipated interactions between new drugs and other treatments that emerge when drugs go from carefully controlled studies to widespread use, and this will have to be kept in mind going forward with cannabis in veterinary patients.

The authors also mentioned that a significant reason for choosing the 2mg/kg dose was that the the cost of the product was prohibitive for larger dogs at higher doses. Cost is always a consideration in the use of veterinary treatments, since many owners are limited in what they are able and willing to spend on veterinary care. Unfortunately, the more work a company puts into developing and testing a product and ensuring good quality control, the more expensive that product is likely to be.

Given the abundance of untested and unregulated cannabis products on the market, several of which have already proven unreliable in quality, it is possible that owners may use the data for this product as justification for using CBD and then choose another, cheaper product that hasn’t undergone the same clinical testing or quality control. I have seen this happen in the past, when a probiotic product with better supporting research evidence than others on the market was often refused by clients, and ultimately withdrawn from the market, partly due to its higher cost.

Quality control has been a particular problem for cannabis-based remedies, with many failing government or independent testing of their contents and label claims. It is important for pet owners to realize that research evidence is often specific to the treatment tested, and it can’t always be generalized to other products that claim to be similar. While I don’t endorse any particular product over others in the absence of head-to-head comparison studies, which are almost never done, I would caution veterinarians and owners not to make the assumption that one encouraging arthritis study for one product validates the use of all the other products out there.

In the same vein, this study is very specific to arthritis in dogs. It says nothing whatsoever about the use of CBD for other conditions, including epilepsy, pain associated with other diseases, nausea, etc. These uses for CBD have to be validated in their own right. And other cannabis-based compounds also cannot be assumed to be safe and effective, for arthritis or anything else, based on this study of CBD. In medicine, the details matter a lot, and generalizing from even good studies such as this is a dangerous practice.


Bottom Line
One small study of CBD for arthritis is not one giant leap for cannabis-based medicines in pets. Additional studies on the pharmacology and clinical effects, both positive and negative, need to be conducted, and rash generalizations from this study to other compounds, other conditions, other species, and other products is not justified.

That said, this is a good-quality study with limitations that are important but certainly not fatal. It is an excellent beginning to the science-based use of cannabis in dogs. Based on the existing evidence, including this study, I believe it is reasonable to consider oral CBD as a treatment for dogs with arthritis with the following caveats:

  • Other treatments with better supporting evidence, such as calorie restriction for weight loss and NSAIDs, should be attempted first
  • This product or others with verifiably similar formulation and quality control should be used
  • Patients must be closely monitored for adverse effects and potential drug interactions which are almost certain to appear in larger, more diverse populations of patients than used in this study

As I have said before, the evidence for cannabis as a medical therapy is limited but encouraging and growing rapidly. The political and legal climate appears to be changing in ways that will hopefully make it easier to conduct the needed research and make use of cannabis products that can demonstrate safety and efficacy for veterinary patients. This study is unquestionably an important milestone, and I look forward to more and better evidence and ultimately the integration of cannabis, where justified, as yet another tool in the toolbox of science-based veterinary medicine.

 

Posted in Herbs and Supplements | 44 Comments

Misleading Caregiver Placebo Effects Occur with Cats as well as Dogs

I’ve written about placebo effects in animals several times. These appear in both clinical research studies and in real-world medical practice in many different ways. However, one of the most significant phenomena that fools us into thinking useless therapies are working in our pets is the caregiver placebo effect. This is when people, including owners, vets, and researchers, see what they hope and expect to see rather than what is really happening to the animals in their care. Since our pets can’t speak for themselves, we interpret their actions in deciding whether they feel better or worse, and we fool ourselves easily and often.

The classic illustration of the caregiver placebo effect in dogs comes for a study of arthritis medication. When given a placebo, a fake treatment that does nothing at all, about half of owners, and nearly as many vets, saw significant improvement in subjective measures of pain and function. Objective measures, such as the amount of weight a dog puts on an arthritic leg, did not show improvement with placebo because such measures are harder to fool than our unaided observations.

This phenomenon is known from studies of caregivers for human patients as well as for dogs, and last year another paper appeared showing us that the exact same phenomenon affects owners and vets when evaluating pain in cats.

Gruen, M. E., Dorman, D. C., & Lascelles, B. D. X. (2017). Caregiver Placebo Effect in Analgesic Clinical Trials for Painful Cats with Naturally-Occurring Degenerative Joint Disease. The Veterinary Record, 180(19), 473. http://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104168

This review looked at six published clinical trials of treatments for arthritis in cats. They assessed the apparent improvement reported in cats getting a placebo on both subjective and objective measures. What they found was that 50-70% of cats getting placebo (meaning fake, useless treatment) were classified as treatment successes on subjective client measures. This means that a majority of clients truly felt their cats were better just because they mistakenly believed they were given an effective treatment. However, only 10-50% of objective measures showed an improvement with placebo. (the reasons cats may have improved even while getting no treatment at all are other aspects of placebo effects, which I have discussed elsewhere.)

This finding reinforces, yet again, that we cannot trust anecdotes or our own observations to determine if treatments work or not. We need placebo controlled, blinded studies with real, objective measures of effect or we risk making ourselves feel better without actually helping our patients and pets.

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What’s the Truth behind “The Truth About Pet Cancer” Videos?

The Truth About Pet Cancer (TAPC) is a slick bit of propaganda. Although it contains some interesting, even promising ideas, these are unfortunately served with a heavy seasoning of misinformation and fear-mongering. Hypotheses and opinions are presented as established facts, and anyone who disagrees is suggested to be ignorant at best, venal and corrupt at worst.

You can read my full article on the Science-based Medicine Blog-

What’s the Truth behind The Truth About Pet Cancer?

 

 

Posted in General | 6 Comments

Dietary Carbohydrates are NOT “Toxic” to Cats

Folks who are critical of commercial pet foods or advocates for raw diets and other alternatives often rail against the evils of carbohydrates. The idea that dietary carbs cause disease is a central thesis of the recent “Truth About Pet Cancer” video series (my response to which is coming soon!). With cats in particular, the claim is made that since they are obligate carnivores, carbohydrates are effectively poison for this species, causing diabetes, cancer and all sorts of other diseases. There’s only one small problem with this claim: it isn’t true!

What is true is that cats are obligate carnivores, meaning that they only eat animal prey in the wild. However, the idea that this means animal prey is all they can eat is a fallacy. Cats do have biological adaptations to eating prey, which means they have no requirement for carbohydrates in the diet, and they require more protein, and somewhat different amino acids in the diet than dogs and humans. However, this is a far cry from the wild claims made about carbohydrates causing disease.

At the recent American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) forum, there was a great evidence-based presentation reviewing this subject:

Laflamme D. Cats and Carbohydrates: Why is this Still Controversial. ACVIM Forum, Seattle, WA. June, 2018.

Dr. Laflamme begins by referring to a 2010 ACVIM consensus statement which I reported on many years ago. Though no complete consensus was reached, the bottom line was that the most important dietary risk factor for cats, and the most common nutrition-related disorders (diabetes and obesity) are due primarily to excessive calorie intake, NOT dietary carbohydrate content.

Research has shown that cats can digest and utilize carbohydrates nearly as well as dogs, so they are an appropriate source of calories.1-4 Carbophobes often behave as if all carbohydrates are the same, and that any carbohydrate is equivalent to eating pure sugar. That is, of course, nonsense. While too much refined simple sugar in the diet can have negative effects on both humans and cats, complex carbohydrates and fiber do not, and can actually have positive effects. Dr. Laflamme points out that while it is possible to raise blood sugar in cats with extreme dietary manipulations (fasting them then feeding a single meal very high in carbs and low in protein), the normal type of carbohydrates used in cat foods fed in a normal manner has no apparent effect on glucose or insulin levels, so there is no reason to believe these diets would increase the risk of diabetes.

In a more real-world type of study, there have been three reports looking at what actual pet cats are fed and whether this influences the risk of diabetes. One of these found a greater chance of diabetes in cats fed only dry or only canned compared with a combination of the two.5 This makes little sense physiologically, and the study did not consider changes in diet that often go along with the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, so this result is questionable. Two other similar studies which did look specifically at the diet fed before the onset of diabetes found no association between dry diets and diabetes.6-7  It is also worth noting that the vast majority of cats in the U.S. and Australia eat at least half dry food, and almost half of cats eat only dry. If dry food causes diabetes, a lot of cats should have this disease, yet this disease only occurs in between 0.2% and 0.75% of cats.

Another important health concern often blamed on carbs is obesity. Contrary to the claim that dietary carbohydrates cause obesity in cats, there is evidence that diets relatively higher in carbs than in fat actually reduce the risk of this problem. Cats naturally limit their own carbohydrate intake, and carbs are less caloric than fat, so cats on higher carb diets tend to eat fewer calories and so are less likely to be obese. Some of the low-carb dets marketed to reduce obesity and diabetes risk based on the idea that carbs are “bad” for cats actually raise the risk of obesity because they are high-fat and very caloric!8

Of course, anything can be harmful in excess, even water and oxygen. Extremely high carbohydrate diets, above about 50% of calories, can cause diarrhea and potentially raise blood sugar levels in cats. Such diets also make it difficult to ensure adequate protein intake. However, the existing evidence suggests that in appropriate forms and amounts, there is no reason to believe dietary carbohydrates are harmful to cats, and they even have some potential benefits.  The fear-mongering about carbs and commercial diets promoted by advocates of raw food and alternative medicine simply isn’t consistent with the facts.

 

Refernces

  1. Carciofi AC, et al. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2008;92:326–336.
  2. De-Oliveira LD, et al. J Anim Sci. 2008;86:2237–2246.
  3. Fekete SG, et al. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2005;89:199–202.
  4. Morris JG, et al. Brit J Nutr. 1977;37:365–373.
  5. McCann TM, et al. J Feline Med Surg. 2007;9:289–299.
  6. Sallander M, et al. Acta Vet Scand. 2012;54:61
  7. Slingerland LI, et al. Vet J. 2009;179:247–253
  8. Verburgghe A., et al. Vet Sci. 2017;4(4):55.

 

Posted in Nutrition | 31 Comments

Tramadol for Pain in Dogs and Cats

Introduction
Awareness of the importance of analgesia for veterinary patients has increased significantly over the last couple of decades. It is widely considered important, for medical and ethical reasons, to provide effective pain relief for dogs and cats, whether their pain is due to surgical procedures, acute injury, or chronic medical conditions.1 This growing awareness has been accompanied by a proliferation of pain control options, including new drugs labeled for veterinary use and many more compounds routinely used off label.

Multimodal analgesia has also become common, with the concurrent use of multiple local and systemic analgesics considered an optimal pain control practice.1 The inevitable limitations and adverse effect profiles of all analgesic drugs require a variety of options to allow effective pain control tailored for each individual patient. Some of the most widely used analgesic drugs, such as the non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, have side-effects which can be potentially serious, though in general they are a very safe and effective class of compounds for both dogs and cats.2-3 The current concern about opioid abuse in humans and shortages in the supply of these drugs has encouraged veterinarians to consider alternatives to traditional narcotic analgesics in our patients.

Tramadol is an opioid and serotonergic agonist analgesic drug used in humans, and it has become very popular in veterinary medicine due to the perception of a wide therapeutic index and low potential for abuse. There has been significant and ongoing debate, however, about both the abuse potential in humans and the clinical efficacy of tramadol in dogs. Tramadol is now a Schedule IV drug due to the conclusion of the Drug Enforcement Administration that it does have significant potential for dependence and abuse.4 A large amount of indirect evidence, and a few direct clinical studies, are also available to assess the question of whether tramadol is an effective analgesic in dogs and cats.

Cats
In cats, the pre-clinical evidence is relatively encouraging. Pharmacologic studies suggest adequate bioavailability, and plasma levels of the active metabolite appear to be high enough to potentially achieve analgesic effects.5-6 Laboratory studies looking at the effects of tramadol on response to nociceptive stimuli (pressure and heat) also generally support the potential analgesic effects of this drug in cats. Studies of oral6 and intramuscular7 administration have reported reductions in the thermal nociceptive threshold. One study of low-dose subcutaneous administration,8 however, found only “limited” effects on thermal and pressure stimuli.

Clinical studies in cats also appear to show some real-world analgesic efficacy, though there are typical limitations to these studies. Studies of surgical pain have found analgesic effects after ovariohysterectomy5,10-11, castration5, and dental procedures.9 However, these studies have used parenteral administration and different doses and pain measurement tools, so it is difficult to compare them or extrapolate their findings to feline patients given oral tramadol for these or other conditions. Some also compared tramadol to no analgesia at all, which is not an appropriate or useful measure of its value in a more appropriate, comprehensive analgesic plan.11 In terms of comparison to other analgesics, one study reported meloxicam to be superior to tramadol9 while another found tramadol to be superior to the NSAID vedaprofen.11

The only study evaluating oral tramadol for chronic pain in cats reported more activity and subjective benefits assessed by owners for treatment of arthritis.12 However, this study had a high dropout rate, used a placebo rather than a positive control, and did report a meaningful number of adverse effects.

Overall, it appears that tramadol likely does have some analgesic effect in cats given parenterally for acute pain, and it may have benefits given orally for chronic pain. The literature has significant limitations, however, so we can only have a low level of confidence in these conclusions at this point.

Dogs
There is considerably more research evidence investigating tramadol for dogs. As always, the published data are not perfectly consistent, but a clear trend against efficacy is apparent.

In preclinical studies, it has been difficult to convincingly show that oral tramadol is absorbed and metabolized to the active metabolites to a degree that would be expected to produce meaningful analgesic effects. While some studies do suggest adequate absorption and metabolism,12 most indicate that dogs generally appear to produce very little of the active metabolite of tramadol, and this seems to persist for too short a time to provide reasonable analgesia.13-19 While these studies vary in rout, dosage, and formulation, the trend is clear that the absorption and metabolism of tramadol in dogs is unlikely to support effective clinical use as an analgesic, especially with oral administration. Studies evaluating intravenous tramadol and thermal nociception in dogs have also failed to find a clear effect.20

The clinical research results for parenteral tramadol are less clear, with most but not all studies suggesting limited efficacy.  Most of these studies compare tramadol with another analgesic. It has been reported to be inferior to buprenorphine,21-22 methadone,23-24 morphine,25 tapentadol,25 and nefepam.26 It has also been reported to be equivalent to morphine27-29 and superior to buprenorphine,30-31 banamine,32 meloxicam,33 and ketoprofen.33 These studies all differ significantly in tramadol dose and route of administration, clinical indication, method of measuring pain, and use of concurrent analgesics, so it is challenging to sift through the details and identify the underlying direction of effect, if any.

Clinical studies of oral tramadol are also mixed but with a trend against any meaningful analgesic effects. One study reported that tramadol and dipyrone combined provided analgesia in dogs with chronic cancer pain and that addition of an NSAID did not improve the quality of pain control.34  On its own, however, tramadol has been reported to be inferior to carprofen for dogs undergoing enucleation,35 equivalent to hydrocodone/acetaminophen with both being inadequate for dogs undergoing TPLO surgery,36 inadequate for dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy,37 and both inferior to carprofen and equivalent to placebo for dogs with osteoarthritis.38  Despite differences in indication, pain assessment, and other important variables, these studies suggest oral tramadol is not likely to be useful as an analgesic for dogs for acute or chronic pain.

Bottom Line
Tramadol has become a commonly used oral analgesic in small animal medicine, especially in dogs. While it appears to have a wide margin of safety and minimal adverse effects, both pre-clinical and clinical research evidence suggest it is unlikely to have meaningful benefits in dogs.  Even parenterally, it is unclear how useful tramadol is for pain in this species. The evidence is strong enough that tramadol should not be relied on as a sole or first-line analgesic.

For cats, it seems more likely that tramadol may be useful. The pre-clinical literature demonstrates that it is at least possible tramadol may suitable as an analgesic in this species. Clinical studies are mixed but somewhat encouraging for parenteral tramadol. Unfortunately, the only study of oral tramadol for chronic pain in cats has significant methodological limitations and does not provide strong evidence for this use of the compound.

More research in both species may help to clarify the potential effects of tramadol, but at this point the widespread use of oral tramadol is not justified by reliable scientific evidence.

References

  1. Epstein M. Rodan I. Griffenhagen G. et al. 2015 AAH/AAFP pain management guidelines for dogs and cats. JAAHA. 2015;51(2):67-84.
  2. Monteiro-Steagall BP. Steagall PVM. Lascelles BDX. Systematic review of nonsteroidsl anti-inflammatory drug-induced adverse effects in dogs. JVIM. 2013;27:1011-19.
  3. Sparkers AH. Heine R. Lascelles BDX. Long-term use of NSAIDs in cats. J Fel Med Surg. 2010;12:521-38.
  4. Drug Enforcement Administration. Schedules of controlled substances: Placement of tramadol into Schedule IV. Federal Register. 2014;79(127):37623-30.
  5. Cagnardi P. Villa R. Zonca A.et al. Pharmacokinetics, intraoperative effect and postoperative analgesia of tramadol in cats. Res Vet Sc. 2011;90(3): 503-9.
  6. Pypendop BH. Ilkiw JE. Pharmacokinetics of tramadol, and its metabolite O-desmethyl-tramadol, in cats. J Vet Pharma­col Ther. 2008;31:52–9.
  7. Jiwlawat S. Durongphongtorn S. The antinociceptive effects of tramadol on the thermal threshold response in cats. Thai J Vet Med. 2011;41(2):171-7.
  8. Steagall PVM. Taylor PM. Brondani JT. et al. Antinociceptive effects of tramadol and acepromazine in cats. J Fel Med Surg. 2008;10(1):24-31.
  9. Pahlavan P. Tavakoli A. Tramadol vs. meloxicam in controlling postoperative pain in dental extractions in cats. Iranian J Vet Surg. 2017;12(1):49-54.
  10. Basiri B. ChenHui C. Alimah Rahman N. Analgesic efficacy of pre-operative tramadol in combination with acepromazine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 2014, 34, 3, pp 403-405
  11. Brondani JT. Luna SPL. Beier SL. et al. Analgesic efficacy of perioperative use of vedaprofen, tramadol or their combination in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. J Fel Med Surg. 2009;11(6):420-9.
  12. KuKanich B. Papich MG. Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and the metabolite O-desmethyltramadol in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Therapeutics. 2004;27(4):239-46.
  13. Kukanich B, Papich MG. Pharmacokinetics and antinocicep­tive effects of oral tramadol hydrochloride administration in Greyhounds. Am J Vet Res 2011;72:256–262.
  14. Malek S, Sample SJ, Schwartz Z, et al. Effect of analgesic therapy on clinical outcome measures in a randomized con­trolled trial using client-owned dogs with hip osteoarthritis. BMC Vet Res 2012;8:185.
  15. McMillan CJ. Livingston A. Clark CR. et al. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous tramadol in dogs. Canadian J Vet Res. 2008;72(4):325-31.
  16. Saccomanni GM. Lebrowska-Wieruszewska B. Kowalski C. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of tramadol and its major metabolites after single oral sustained tablet administration in the dog: a pilot study. Vet J. 2009;180(2):253-5.
  17. Lebrowska-Wieruszewska B. Kowalski C. Saccomanni GM. et al. Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its major conjugates after a single per os administration of a sustained tablet and per rectum suppositories formulations in dogs. Medycyna Weterynaryjna. 2009;65(10):687-92.
  18. Benitez ME. Roush JK. KuKanich B. et al. Pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone and tramadol administered for control of postoperative pain in dogs following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. Amer J Vet Res. 2015.’76(9):763-70.
  19. Giorgi M. Carlo S. del. Saccomanni G. et al. Pharmacokinetic and urine profile of tramadol and its major metabolites following oral immediate release capsules administration in dogs. Vet Res Comm. 2009;33(8):875-85.
  20. Schütter AF. Tünsmeyer J. Kästner SBR. Influence of tramadol on acute thermal and mechanical cutaneous nociception in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2017;44(2):309-16.
  21. Giudice E. Barillaro G. Crinò C. et al. Postoperative pain in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy: comparison of the analgesic activity of buprenorphine and tramadol. J Vet Behav Clin Applic Res. 2017;19:45-9.
  22. Gupta AK. Bisla RS. Kuldip Singh. et al. Evaluation of buprenorphine and tramadol as pre-emptive analgesics following ovariohysterectomy in female dogs. Indian J Vet Surg. 2009;30(1):22-6.
  23. Uscategui RAR. Tiosso C. Moro JV. et al Pre-emptive methadone or tramadol analgesia for mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy in bitches. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias. 2017;30(1):39-47.
  24. Cardozo LB. Cotes LC. Kahvegian MAP. et al. Evaluation of the effects of methadone and tramadol on postoperative analgesia and serum interleukin-6 in dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery. BMC Vet Res. 2014;10(194).
  25. Kögel B. Terlinden R. Schneider J. Characterisation of tramadol, morphine and tapentadol in an acute pain model in Beagle dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2014;41(3):297-304.
  26. Zhang, S.; Li, J. N.; Luan, L.; et al. Comparison of the effects of nefopam and tramadol on postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Veterinární Medicína. 2017;62(3):131-7.
  27. Kongara K. Chambers JP. Johnson CB. Effects of tramadol, morphine or their combination in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy on peri-operative electroencephalographic responses and post-operative pain. New Zealand Vet J. 2012;60(2):129-35.
  28. Kongara K. Chambers JP. Johnson CB. et al. Effects of tramadol or morphine in dogs undergoing castration on intra-operative electroencephalogram responses and post-operative pain. New Zealand Vet J. 2013;61(6):349-53.
  29. Mastrocinque S. Fantoni DTA. A comparison of preoperative tramadol and morphine for the control of early postoperative pain in canine ovariohysterectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2003;30(4):220-8.
  30. Capik I. Nagy O. Analgesic effect of tramadol and buprenorphin in continuous propofol anaesthesia. Folia Veterinaria. 2016;60(1):47-52.
  31. Morgaz J. Navarrete R. Muñoz-Rascón P. et al. Postoperative analgesic effects of dexketoprofen, buprenorphine and tramadol in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Res Vet Sci. 2013;95(1):278-82.
  32. Yazbek KVB. Fantoni DT. Evaluation of tramadol, an “atypical” opioid analgesic in the control of immediate postoperative pain in dogs submitted to orthopedic surgical procedures. Brazilian J Vet Res Anim Sci. 2005;42(4):250-8.
  33. Mondal P. Nandi SK. Ghosh D. Evaluation of post-operative analgesia of ketoprofen, meloxicam and tramadol in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Indian J Anim Sci. 2005;75(5):513-15.
  34. Flôr PB. Yazbek KVB. Ida KK. et al. Tramadol plus metamizole combined or not with anti-inflammatory drugs is clinically effective for moderate to severe chronic pain treatment in cancer patients. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2013;40(3):316-27.
  35. Delgado C. Bentley E. Hetzel S. et al. Comparison of carprofen and tramadol for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing enucleation. JAVMA. 2014;245(12):1375-81.
  36. Benitez ME. Roush JK. McMurphy R. et al. Clinical efficacy of hydrocodone-acetaminophen and tramadol for control of postoperative pain in dogs following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. AJVR. 2015;76(9):755-62.
  37. Goudie-DeAngelis EM. Woodhouse KJ. Evaluation of analgesic efficacy and associated plasma concentration of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol following oral administration post ovariohysterectomy. Inter J Appl Res Vet Med. 2016;14(1):105-13.
  38. Budsberg SC. Torres BT. Kleine SA. et al. Lack of effectiveness of tramadol hydrochloride for the treatment of pain and joint dysfunction in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis. JAVMA. 2018;252(4):427-32.

 

Posted in Science-Based Veterinary Medicine | 11 Comments

Evidence Update: Anxitane (L-theanine) for Anxiety in Dogs (and Cats)

In late 2014, I reviewed the evidence for Anxitane (l-theanine), an amino acid from the tea plant reported to have benefits for dogs with anxiety. At that time, my conclusion was:

The theoretical reasoning behind the potential value of l-theanine for treatment of anxiety in dogs is plausible, which means it could work. The research in humans shows some weak evidence for a possible benefit, but the evidence is not sufficient to allow firm conclusions. Likewise, the research evidence in dogs is limited and weak, and it is not possible to say with any confidence whether or not l-theanine has a meaningful benefit for dogs with anxiety. It could work, but at this point we don’t know if it actually does.

Since the product is likely safe, there is little risk in trying it in dogs with anxiety. However, without stronger evidence for a benefit, it should not be viewed as a substitute for therapies with better evidence of efficacy.

I was recently asked to see if there had been any new studies that might clarify the value of this product. In humans, there haven’t been any major changes. A more recent review of the human literature reported that “few short-term benefits were reported with l-theanine alone.” Some studies reported reduced tension and anxiety, but others did not confirm this and found negative effects on cognition as well as an increase in headaches. A variety of positive effects on attention, cognition, and memory were reported for the combination of l-theanine and caffeine, but this is not relevant to veterinary patients due to the risks of caffeine in dogs and cats, and this would not be relevant to the use of l-theanine for anxiety anyway.

Here are a few additional veterinary studies not included in my last review.

Kern L. La transmission de la peur. In: La communications. Collection Zoopsychiatrie. Beata C. ed. Marseille, Solal Editeurs, 2005:191-6. (translation provided by the manufacturer of Anxitane)

This is not a new study but one that has only been published in French in a book on animal behavior, not in a peer-reviewed journal. The manufacturer of Anxitane has made it available as part of the marketing efforts for the product.

This was not really a clinical trial so much as a “try-it-and-see” report. Essentially, owners gave the l-theanine for two months to dogs they felt had a wide variety of behaviors assumed to be related to fear. The veterinarians then evaluated the dogs’ behavior at intervals (at the beginning, at 15 days, 30 days, and 60 days after starting the Anxitane) and decided whether they had improved. Not surprisingly, given the lack of bias controls in this study, the assessment was that the behavior improved.

Dramard V. Kern L. Hofmans J. et al. Clinical efficacy of l-theanine tablets to reduce anxiety-related emotional disorders in cats: A pilot, open-label clinical trial. 6th IVBM Conference. 2007. Riccione, Italy.

This is not actually a new publication since 2014, just one I hadn’t seen previously. It was also another “try-it-and-see” report rather than a controlled clinical trial. 33 cats with a wide variety of symptoms assumed to be due to anxiety were given l-theanine and then the owners and vets subjectively rated whether these were improved. The caregiver placebo effect, and numerous other potential confounders and sources of error, make the results of this study pretty unreliable. Funding was not disclosed, but one of the authors is an employee of the manufacturer of Anxitane.

Pike AL. Horwitz DF. Lobprise H. An open-label prospective study of the use of l-theanine (Anxitane) in storm-sensitive client-owned dogs. J of Vet Behav. 2015;4(10):324-31.

In this study, owners of dogs with storm phobia were recruited online and from general veterinary practices. Owners rated their dogs’ symptoms before and after using the supplement for at least 4 weeks or 5 storm events. Improvements were noted on most, but not all, behaviors measured. However, as the authors themselves acknowledge, the lack of the standard clinical trial bias controls (randomization, blinding, and placebo control group) made the results highly susceptible to caregiver placebo effects. The study was funded by the manufacturer of Anxitane.

Michelazzi M. Berteselli GV. Talamonti Z. et al. Efficacy of L-Theanine on noise phobias in dogs: preliminary results. Veterinaria (Cremona). 2015;29(2):53-9.

This study randomly assigned 10 dogs with noise phobia to receive behavioral therapy and Anixtane or just behavioral therapy. Assessment was by owner questionnaire and both owners and investigators were unblinded. There was no placebo or positive control. The funding source was not disclosed. Most behaviors measured improved over time in both groups. Some appeared to improve more in the animals given Anxitane while others, and the overall score, did not differ between the groups. Due to the subjective assessment and lack of controls, this study is at high risk of bias.

Bottom Line
While the basic principle that l-theanine might have clinically useful effects based on its biochemistry is plausible, there is still little compelling evidence it actually helps patients in the real world. A handful of studies have been done in humans, and the systematic reviews that have assessed them do not find strong evidence of benefit for anxiety in people. There have also been a handful of veterinary studies. Most of these are uncontrolled, unblinded, and use relatively subjective measures of outcome, and most are funded by the manufacturer. All appear to show benefits, but all are at high risk of bias. No significant risks have yet been seen, though headaches and some negative effects on mental function have been reported in humans.

All of this leaves us right where we were four years ago. Could work, might work, not sure if it does work, probably doesn’t do much harm. The frustrating thing is that the first low-quality attempt to study l-theanine for anxiety in dogs was reported by the manufacturer 13 years ago. Since then, the company has funded a few more unblinded, uncontrolled studies, but no high-quality, properly controlled clinical trials.  The product has been on the market for 9 years, yet the company has not funded such a study, nor has any independent research been published that accounts for the limitations of the existing literature. This is an all-too-typical pattern I have previously illustrated this way:

Posted in Herbs and Supplements | 31 Comments

Is the SketpVet Blog Driving Veterinarians to Suicide (Seriously?!!)

One of the most common criticisms of this blog has been that it is mean, unkind, or unfair of me to critique claims about conventional and alternative medicine made by vets and others. I have addressed this subject before:

Are Homeopaths Innocent Victims of Skeptical Attacks?

CAM Vets Attacking Conventional Veterinary Medicine

Who’s Behind the The Truth About Pet Cancer?

These posts, and the quotes they contain from many proponents of alternative medicine, including Mr. Habib, illustrate how the people who are upset by my criticism are frequently loudly proclaiming that science-based medicine is useless or harmful and that conventional vets are ignorant, dupes or shills for industry, or otherwise knowingly providing poor patient care compared to that provided by these advocates of alternative medicine. They base their work and advocacy around the notion that everyone else is wrong, and then they feel unfairly treated when someone disputes their claims.

Nobody likes to be criticized, or even to have their claims disputed in a fact-based, impersonal way. However, when you make a point of publicly attacking mainstream science or medicine, or when you promote unproven or demonstrably ineffective treatments and claim they are safe and effective, it is fair and appropriate for others to challenge these claims and attacks. I try to be fair and focused on ideas and claims, not personality or other irrelevant personal characteristics, but I don’t feel it is inherently wrong to push back against efforts to denigrate science-based medicine or convince pet owners to fear it and to turn instead to unproven or ineffective alternatives. Complaints that challenges to their claims is unkind or meanspirited are just a self-serving way for alternative medicine advocates to try and insulate themselves from criticism.

Most of the angry reaction to my critiques has taken the form of comments or emails, but social media personality and activist Rodney Habib has used his communication skills to take this self-righteous and hypocritical outrage to a new level. In a slick video of a series of talks he has apparently given to students interested in veterinary medicine, he refers to the suicide crisis in veterinary medicine. In this talk he implies that I am partly responsible. (Interestingly, this video was posted well before my recent article specifically discussing the individuals, including Mr. Habib, who participated in the Truth About et Cancer videos.)

Mr. Habib’s video suggests that I “slam” vets who dare to “think outside of the box.” This not only mischaracterizes my substantive critiques of pseudoscience, but it ignores the attacks and criticisms the folks I write about make against conventional veterinary medicine. It also infantilizes veterinarians by suggesting that disagreement and debate about these issues is harmful to our mental health.

Additionally, this kind of sideways attack on my work here trivializes the serious problem of mental health and suicide in veterinary medicine by using the topic as a vehicle to attack me just because Mr. Habib dislikes what I have to say. It also directs attention away from real and addressable causes of the problem. There are many factors that contribute to the mental health crisis in veterinary medicine, from work environments, financial stresses, and cultural factors, but the refusal of skeptics and mainstream veterinarians to allow pseudoscience in our field to pass unchallenged is not one of them.

There are many thoughtful discussions of the mental health problem in veterinary medicine that deserve to be taken much more seriously than Mr. Habib’s comments. Here are just a few:

Suicide in veterinary medicine: Let’s talk about it

AVMA Article on Suicide in Veterinary Medicine

AVMA Wellness and Peer Assistance Resources

Additional AVMA Coverage

Incidence of suicide in the veterinary profession in England and Wales

Mental health resource list for veterinary teams

Canadian veterinary health and wellness resources

 Note 5/18/2018
Mr. Habib ends his video with the url and logo for Not One More Veterinarian (NOMV), a non-profit focused on addressing the issues of suicide and mental health in veterinary medicine. I have been assured by the board of NOMV that the organization did not produce or endorse this video or the attack on me contained in it.

Posted in General | 24 Comments

Who’s Behind the The Truth About Pet Cancer?

I have been asked several times in the last few months to evaluate a new series of videos called The Truth About Pet Cancer. I actually purchased the full transcript of this series and am in the process of investigating the general themes and specific claims. It is an enormous undertaking, and doing it justice will take a while.

To get started, I have been looking into the participants to get a sense of their background, perspective, and agenda. Though this is quicker than going through the full content of the videos, it has still taken me several weeks! I will present what I have found here to help provide context for my investigations of the videos themselves.

Though not all participants express the same views or emphasize the same points, there are a number of general themes in this series:

  1. Cancer is rampant in dogs and cats, much more so than in the past when our pets were healthier.
  2. Causes for this include
    a. our toxic environment, commercial pet diets, vaccines, conventional parasite preventatives and medicines, GMOs, wifi and other emf sources, and many other bad things
    b. mitochondrial damage and metabolic effects of high-carbohydrate diets
  3. Conventional methods for preventing and treating cancer in dogs and cats are (depending on the person being interviewed) useful but insufficient, totally ineffective, or actually a cause of more harm than benefit.
  4. The solution involves
    a. avoiding the toxins mentioned above or detoxing with food and alternative therapies
    b. complete overhaul of feeding practices, with an emphasis on fresh, raw, ketogenic diets
    b. supplementing, minimizing, or eliminating most conventional medical interventions (again, depending on who’s talking)

 

The following profiles of the organizers and participants will include comments, from this series and from other sources, that illustrate these themes and the general perspective of each of the participants towards these issues. The claims made in the videos must, of course, be evaluated on their own merits, most importantly the relevant scientific research evidence. My purpose in discussing the background, affiliation, and other advocacy efforts of the participants is not to use this information to judge the specific claims they make in the videos. However, understanding their overall perspective on science and medicine, and uncovering the personal, institutional, and financial relationships between them will help inform consideration of the videos.

The fact, for example, that the organizers and many participants are vehement advocates for alternative medicine is relevant to their claims about both conventional veterinary nutrition and alternative nutritional approaches. The repeated attacks on science-based medicine, the pet food industry, government regulators, and other groups made by many figures in these videos suggests an iconoclastic, maverick-outsider perspective that should be taken into account when evaluating the type of bias behind statements they make in these videos.

A lot of people were involved in this project! Some were key drivers of the effort, others contributed only brief interviews. They seem to fall into several broad categories: 1) Proponents of pseudoscience and critics of science-based approaches in human health.  2) Proponents of pseudoscience and critics of science-based approaches in the veterinary field, and 3) Mainstream veterinarians or researchers in legitimate scientific fields with an interest in or sympathy for “integrative medicine” or for unconventional nutritional approaches, such as ketogenic diets.

Individuals in the first two categories are clearly the architects of this bit of propaganda. Many will be quite familiar to regular readers of this blog as I have addressed their anti-scientific and pseudoscientific claims before. Some I haven’t written much about in the past, since their activities are primarily confined to human health. Several of these are not only evangelists for alternative medicine and lifestyles but purveyors of quite astonishing and bizarre conspiracy theories.

Those in the third category seem like pretty reasonable people, so their reasons for participating in this project are less clear. Some have been so blinded by their enthusiasm for a particular idea, such as ketogenic diets, that they are willing to overlook the use of the videos to promote pseudoscience and attack science and science-based medicine. Others may have been misled as to the nature of the project and how their participation will be used. Many say perfectly reasonable and science-based things in their interviews, though these comments are often interwoven with more extreme or unscientific comments to build a narrative that might not accurately reflect these views.

I have spoken to one person in this group who was actually quite angry about how their words were used and the implications which was created that they support claims they do not actually support. Others I have communicated with indicate that they stand by their own comments but take no position for or against the claims made by others.  It is undoubtedly true that not every individual who participated agrees with every claim made by all of the other participants. It may well be that some participants are not even aware of how bizarre and anti-science in their views some of the organizers and other participants are.

Regardless of how the more reasonable folks interviewed came to be associated with this project, however, their reputations are now tied to it to some degree, and it is their responsibility to disavow any aspects of the project they feel are inaccurate or untruthful or that misrepresent their views in some significant way. Failing to do this gives tacit approval and support to the project, and to the many falsehoods, errors, and attacks on science-based medicine it contains.

In addition to the affiliations of many participants with alternative medicine and their personal relationships through alt med advocacy, there are a couple of specific organizations which connect multiple participants. One of these is Ketopet Sanctuary. Supported by a ketogenic diet advocacy group called the Epigenix Foundation, this is a project organized around the belief that a ketogenic diet, hyperbaric oxygen, and some other practices can significantly improve the lives, and long-term outcomes, of dogs and cats with cancer. Quite a few dramatic and specific claims are made about research done at the facility, but none of this has been published in the scientific literature as of yet.

Another organization which connects several participants is DogRisk. This is a group of veterinarians and nutrition researchers led by Dr. Hielm-Bjorkman, a faculty member at the University of Helsinki. The organization is independent of the university, and it appears to focus on generating evidence to support raw diets, supplements, and other unconventional nutritional interventions. While the members are all legitimate scientists, they also have a clear agenda to generate evidence supportive of their beliefs in unconventional diets. They have conducted an online survey and presented a few posters, but as yet no peer-reviewed published research has been provided to make the general case that raw diets are healthier than conventional feeding practices.

Finally, several fringe organizations connect several of the organizers and participants. Mike Adams’ site Natural News, the web site of Joseph Mercola, and Alex Jones’ InfoWars are three prominent outlets promoting and selling quackery and anti-science propaganda, and all three are heavily represented here. Mr. Adams and Dr. Mercola are both involved, and Dr. Karen Becker is a veterinarian who runs the animal side of Dr. Mercola’s site. Several participants have been associated with the right-wing conspiracy project InfoWars. Mike Adams has been a guest host, Dr. Mercola has promoted his site and books on Jones’ show, and Edward Group has been a longtime contributor as well as the provider of many supplements sold by InfoWars.

I will briefly outline relevant information about each participant and try to provide some examples of comments made by these folks that illustrate the perspectives they each bring to this video series. Detailed analysis and fact-checking of their comments in the videos will have to wait for subsequent posts. My purpose here is to elucidate the perspectives and agendas of the participants and some of the links between them, so that the specific claims they make, and which I will evaluate in future posts, can be understood in a complete context.

 

Promoters of Pseudoscience in Human Health

Mike Adams
The individual behind the infamous Natural News web site, Mike Adams is one of the most prominent quacks of our era. He promotes and markets all manner of snake oil, viciously attacks science and scientists, and proselytizes for some bizarre conspiracy theories. He opposes almost all conventional medical treatment, most vociferously vaccinations and pharmaceuticals, and he frequently claims that healthcare professionals, researchers, and of course the biomedical industry, deliberately create disease in order to profit from treating it. He also promotes fringe conspiracies, such as arguing the 9/11 terrorist attacks were “an inside job,” Barack Obama’s birth certificate is a fake, and the Sandy Hook school shooting massacre was faked.

The inclusion of this person in this video series illustrates the deep lack of concern for science or objective truth on the part of the organizers, and it should embarrass anyone associated with the project regardless of their own contributions. Reasonable people can disagree about many of the subjects in this series, but there is nothing reasonable about Mike Adams or his quack evangelism, attacks on legitimate science, and general promotion of nonsense. His comments on his own site, and in these videos, undermine the credibility of any ideas and any participants. Here are some examples:

From the video series-

“’So, if your dog gets diagnosed with cancer, the doctor says “Oh, they have to have chemotherapy.’ You put the dog on chemotherapy, and immediately their health starts to deteriorate because they’re being poisoned, right?”

The doctor says, ‘Look how bad the cancer’s getting.’ This is a fraud. It’s actually—it’s worse than a stage magician in Vegas hiding a tiger in the back of a cage, and then putting a curtain on, and then ‘Boom! There’s a white tiger here all of a sudden. It’s magic!’ This is charlatanism. This is con artistry in medicine that is more deceptive than any kind of stage magic.”

“That’s what these people are doing. They’re conning pet owners into chemically poisoning their dogs and cats and calling it medicine. But it isn’t. It’s animal cruelty. It’s the worst form of animal cruelty because that dog trusts you. You’re their owner.”

From other sources-

“If you’re being forced to take a vaccine against your will (by a totalitarian medical regime like California), are there things you can do to protect yourself from vaccine toxins? [….] The key to surviving this assault on your body is to eliminate these chemicals quickly. In this video…I reveal nutritional strategies for accelerating your body’s natural detox so that you can safely survive a vaccine assault that’s forced upon you by a coercive, fascist medical regime.”

“the AIDS industry is much like the breast cancer industry… or the prostate cancer industry: Most of what they push onto people is medically unjustified, scientifically unproven and actually harms more people than it helps. But it’s great for generating more profits for Big Pharma.

And that’s the point of all this. AIDS is just another profit center for the drug industry”

“Mammograms — which claim to “detect” breast cancer — actually cause breast cancer. So if you get enough mammograms, eventually you’ll develop breast cancer and require expensive cancer treatments.”

 

Dave Asprey
Mr. Asprey describes himself as “a Silicon Valley investor and technology entrepreneur who spent two decades and over $1 Million to hack his own biology.” Without the benefit of any formal biomedical expertise or controlled research evidence, he claims to have discovered the secret to “taking control of and improving your biochemistry, your body and your mind so they work in unison, helping you execute at levels far beyond what you’d expect, without burning out, getting sick, or allowing stress to control your decisions.”

These secrets mostly involve untested and unproven beliefs about ketogenic diets (a recurring theme throughout the video series). Asprey is a true promoter not only of ketosis but a variety of other alternative medicine practices, and he relentlessly proselytizes for these without much concern about facts or the evidence and arguments of most experts in the fields he dabbles in.

Like most evangelists for unproven fads, he cherry picks legitimate science to find bits that seem to support his belief and ignores any contrary evidence. He relies the probative value of anecdotes, especially his own, despite the inherent unreliability of anecdotal evidence. His blog promotes various pseudoscientific positions, including claiming wi-fi and other electromagnetic fields cause cancer, the quackery of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) and homeopathy, and the idea that some foods are “toxic” and others magically beneficial.

Here are some discussions of Mr. Asprey and his claims: 1, 2, 3.

From the video series-

“Everything about you is driven by the something called the exposome, which is the set of things in the environment you’re exposed to. All of the toxins, all of the stress, all of the emotional stuff, all of the light, heat, sound. Every variable that there is, that is what your body’s listening to. That’s what drives epigenetics.”

“When you’re buying commercial dog food, they are taking the lowest quality fats. They don’t even care really where the fat comes from, what the ratios of the different types of fat are. Then they’re exposing it to heat, and light, and air. And they’re rendering it, and they’re cooking it, and then they put weird preservatives in it that prevent your body from using the fat right. So, what you are getting is the equivalent of margarine, which we all know is bad for us. It is unacceptable to put that stuff in your dog’s mouth. It has no place in our food supply. It should be used as biodiesel.”

“Inflammation is at the root of every single disease.”

From other sources-

“[ask] for an IgG/IgE blood panel testing for food allergies. You’ll get a report listing the foods that you’re sensitive to—your list of personal Kryptonite.”

“mold makes your immune system more sensitive to the damaging effects of gluten.”

“The same drive that makes someone want to run a company can also make them want to complete an Ironman triathlon. But all that exercise on top of a stressful job will drive up your cortisol levels. This causes weight gain, muscle loss, a decline in testosterone, and burnout.”

“There is a reason that stressed women crave fatty and salty foods—adrenal exhaustion.”

“If you’re not feeling amazing, there is always a reason!”

 

Ty Bollinger
Another notorious peddler of pseudoscience and bizarre conspiracies, Mr. Bollinger not only participates in the videos, he is one of the authors of the project and a primary inspiration for the series, having previously produced his own video propaganda piece entitled The Truth About Cancer, which consists largely of attacks on science-based medicine and promotion of unproven or quack alternatives. Mr. Bollinger, like Mike Adams, opposes almost everything about mainstream medicine, from  vaccines and cancer treatment to the idea that infectious organisms cause disease.  Also like Adams, Bollinger is a promoter of multiple wacko conspiracy theories,  from 9/11 to some that are so bizarre and incoherent you have to hear him talk about them to really appreciate how unhinged he is.

The fact that he not only participates in this series but was organizer and inspiration for it severely reduces any credibility the project might have.

Here is some more information about Mr. Bollinger and his oeuvre: 1, 2, 3

From the video series-

“They say “Beware of Zika. It causes microcephaly.” And then they bombard us with chemicals that we know causes microcephaly, and then they blame it on the virus instead of the chemicals. It’s the same thing they do with chemotherapy, isn’t it?”

“The big round of vaccines for the dogs and the cats….when they get like six or eight vaccines in one day….a month or two, inevitably, they bring their dog back and they’re itching, they’ve got allergies, and it’s all—I’m thinking the same thing that happens with the babies after the shots. A couple months later, they’re having autistic symptoms or reactions or whatever. It’s the same with the pets.”

“The similarities that I see between you know the pets, preventing disease, preventing illness, preventing whatever it might be, and actually causing that very thing or causing something worse. We see that with chemotherapy, that we try to treat cancer with chemotherapy but that actually causes cancer, right? We try to prevent disease with vaccines, but they actually cause disease, actually cause cancer.”

“You look at the tribes of people worldwide that eat raw food diets and never get sick until they come to eat our food and then they get sick. You know you’ve got the animals in the wild, there’s very little cancer in the wild, there are still sick animal but not many. Very seldom do they get sick but then you bring them into captivity, they start getting sick.”

“We’ve got an industry that seems to be driven by the dollar as opposed to trying to help pets. Just the same way the cancer industry with people is driven by profit motive and they don’t care about the cancer patients. It seems the vet practice is the same.”

From other sources-

“Non-toxic, effective, natural treatments for cancer are being systematically suppressed and cancer patients are dying due to lack of this vital knowledge. Why? Because the Medical Mafia and their “leg breakers” (like the FDA and FTC) control the flow of information and regulate the “approved” treatments.”

“We realized that the “official story” about 9/11 is about as believable as the Easter Bunny, Keebler Elf, Santa Claus, and fairies with wings of pixie dust. It’s a monumental myth… a ruse… a fable… a “tall tale” concocted to deceive the masses. And it worked like a charm on me and my wife – we swallowed it “hook, line, and sinker” – at least for a while. But sooner or later, we all must wake up from the dream.”

“As it turns out, many pharmaceuticals are offshoots of various chemical weapons developed and used during the two major world wars, and some were even tested on prisoners in Nazi concentration camps. “

“If we sit back and allow the government to enslave (and dehumanize) us in these areas, then we will gladly allow them to violate the Constitution and take our health freedom. Just look at a few recent examples the FDA raid on Rawesome Foods for selling raw milk the Detroit SWAT team kidnapping (and raping) of Maryanne Godboldo’s daughter for refusing to keep using psychiatric drugs the “gunpoint” forced chemotherapy of Jacob Stieler (a child) who showed no signs of cancer and the list goes on and on and on.”

“We are witnessing the end of America as a nation-state right now, and with these changes, none of our domestic laws or constitutional rights are secure. We are facing a frightening future, not to mention the fact that children born after 1990 have no clue about their food, water, vaccinations, or anything else. Our food supply is full of irradiated food, pasteurized milk and juice, viruses sprayed on our meat, chemicals sprayed on fruit and vegetables, and now we’re being forced without our consent to eat genetically modified foods.”

 

Travis Christofferson
Mr. Christofferson is a promoter of ketogenic diets, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and several other unproven therapies, which he believes are not only superior to conventional cancer treatment but will ultimate cure cancer as a whole. He claims cancer therapy is practically useless and that attacking the metabolism of cancer will be more fruitful. While it is possible this avenue will someday lead to significant breakthroughs in cancer treatment, plenty of real scientsists are investigating the area, and Mr. Christofferson routinely cherry picks evidence and ignores the work of many within mainstream oncology in order to buttress his particular beliefs.

Mr. Christofferson is a popularizer of the work of Dr. Thomas Seyfried, and both are zealously devoted to one particular hypothesis and willing to work with quacks like Mike Adams and Ty Bollinger to promote it. While not all of their claims are unreasonable, they lose credibility with their single-mindedness and their association with peddlers of pseudoscience. Mr. Christofferson is not out on the fringes with the likes of Adams and Bollinger, but he makes it into the category of promoters of pseudoscience because of his obsession with the One True Cause of cancer, his frequent association with outright quacks, and his attacks on conventional cancer research and treatment.

From this video series-

“For an MD, they’re taught “For me to do something to change standard of care I need a phase three, double blind, placebo-controlled trial to point to, to do that.” So, you can’t do that with a dietary therapy, there’s no way. There’s no funding to pull it through and they’re very difficult to get through anyway.”

“So, Linus Pauling, you know two-time Nobel Prize-winning scientist has said, “Cancer research is the most fraudulent branch of research in the world.” And just we encourage this narrow thinking, non-reproducible results. Guys that have very bold visions that may lead to cures don’t get funded typically. So yeah, we’re stuck in this dogmatic, narrow-minded view about what cancer is and it’s just not working.”

From other sources-

“The most important statistic, the one that told the story with the most unbiased clarity, was that the current death rate from cancer was still the same as it was in 1950.”

“the prime cause of cancer is the replacement of the respiration of oxygen in normal body cells by a fermentation of sugar.”

 

Edward Group
Group is a chiropractor and naturopath most often associated with the right-wing conspiracy celebrity Alex Jones. There’s not really much to add to that. Of course, he believes vaccines cause autism and other terrible diseases and fluoride is a poison. He sells a variety of supplements with illegal medical claims, and he rejects the very foundations of science-based medicine. Yet another example of the role of the ideological, anti-science fringe in this project.

Here are a few examples of his ideas and agenda: 1

Video of Dr. Group on InfoWars

Another InfoWars Video

From this video series-

“I’ve done a lot of research into looking at the root cause of disease and what’s happening with pets is the same thing that’s happening with humans. You look at the toxins in water, the toxins in food, the toxins in the air, and the thing with pets is they’re so small that just a tiny, tiny amount of toxic chemicals can cause cancer.”

“All of this food, and they just stir it around in these big, huge rendering plants. And then they take some of the water out and they press this into a food. So, I mean, most of the food is cooked, which means there’s no activity left in it. And the fact that it’s extremely toxic. I mean, you’re basically poisoning your pet.”

“What causes thyroid problems? Excess fluoride. Excess chlorine. Excess bromine. People feed their pets bread all the time, okay. You have gluten. Pets are not meant to break down gluten. They don’t know how to break down gluten. It’s very toxic to them. So is corn. So is genetically modified ingredients, is very toxic to a pet’s digestive system, to their immune system.”

“So let’s say you inject an animal with a vaccine. They might already—see, no one can really tell us what the effect is of high-levels of mercury, arsenic, aluminum. A lot of pets actually consume aluminum because someone will leave an aluminum food, an aluminum foil, and they’ll just eat the whole thing. They eat chocolates, wrapped Hershey’s Kisses or something wrapped in aluminum, so aluminum is a big toxin for pets as well. But when…you know, what happens when you mix aluminum and mercury together, for example – you get a violent, deadly reaction.”

“With my dog, before I feed her every day I put the food on the plate and then I’ll act like I’m eating it for a couple minutes. So she sees that I’m the alpha male, or the alpha, in the house. And then I’ll put it down for her.”

“A lot of animals, believe it or not, suffer from cysts. You see all these little bumps and these balls on animals and that’s also an iodine deficiency just like fibrocystic breast disease, polycystic ovarian disease in females. I mean, any time you start having these cysts grow, these lipomas or these cysts, it’s always usually a— I can’t say 100% of the time, but very close, over 90% of the time, it’s going to be from an iodine deficiency.”

From other sources-

“Dr. Group centers his philosophy around the understanding that the root cause of disease stems from the accumulation of toxins in the body and is exacerbated by daily exposure to a toxic living environment.”

“I’m not the type of person to try to instill fear, doom and gloom,” he said. “But I am here warning everybody that this may be the most devastating flu season in the history of the world. Because I’ve never seen such a possibly, potentially — I’m not even going to say possibly — slew of ingredients that are going to be injected in our moms, our dads, our grandparents. We’re on the verge of seeing a massive shift in disease and sickness and possibly even death.”

“Dr. Group asks President-elect Trump to assemble a team of scientists, experts, and independent researchers with no ties to the pharmaceutical, food, or chemical industries to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of all artificial ingredients, genetically modified foods, artificial sweeteners, colors, dyes, fluoride, herbicides, pesticides, phthalates, refined sugars, preservatives, and other toxic compounds added to, or used in our food and beverage production. He also recommends appointing a third-party research team with no ties to the pharmaceutical industry to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of vaccines and flu shots.”

 

Joseph Mercola
Dr. Mercola is one of the most enduring and successful, personally and financially, of the anti-science, anti-medicine gurus. His web site and supplement business, his books, and his appearance on Dr. Oz, InfoWars, and even plenty of mainstream media programs create quite a public appearance of respected expertise. In reality, he is a purveyor of fear and pseudoscience,  attacking science-based medicine and promoting quackery. He is vehemently anti-vaccine, warns against fluoridation and the use of amalgam dental fillings, and promotes a variety of other myths and misconceptions about health.

There is also almost no form of alternative nonsense he has not endorsed, from homeopathy to mysterious “energy therapies” such as EFT to “grounding” or “earthing,” the idea that good health requires regular physical contact with the ground. And, of course, he sells not only his bogus ideas but lots of unproven supplements.

Dr. Mercola has been warned and fined by his state medical board, the FDA, and the FTC multiple times for illegal medical claims and fraudulent marketing. His prominence and financial success do not, alas, indicate that his advice is sound or scientific, and the truth is quite the opposite. He is also the host for Dr. Karen Becker’s peddling of veterinary pseudoscience.

From this video series-

Mercola- “Do you know what the primary component of most of that dog food is?”

Ty Bollinger- “GMO grains maybe?”

Mercola “You would think so. Actually it’s sugar. Ranging anywhere from 40% to 60%”

“Look at the difference between residential cats and cats that go outside or are kept outside, there’s a quite dramatic difference in health. Because they’re exposed to sunshine and they’re grounded, the way they’re supposed to be, they’re designed to be.”

“Fluoride is by definition a drug. Look it up it’s a drug and it’s put in the water supply. That doesn’t make sense…It’s a direct metabolic poison, but it stops the body’s or the pet’s ability to take the energy from the sun. And many experts believe that most of the energy they produce is actually produced by exposure to light.”

“The hydroxyl free radicals and other oxidative reactants that are produced by exposure to microwave radiation which would be cell phones, Wi-Fi, smart phones, smart meters, can cause, and frequently does most of the time, more damage than hundreds of X-rays.”

“Your body and your pet want to be healthy. They are designed to be healthy.…If you give them the right food, enough movement and exercise, sunshine, pure water. You know, it’s pretty hard to overcome that. And avoid poisons, and there’s a lot of poisons out there, you know, like EMF is a poison.”

“I put myself in a faraday cage every night to essentially—it’s a sheer fabric imbedded with cotton, silver and copper threads that form a cage around me so that the frequencies can’t penetrate them, and I sleep and my mitochondria are repaired and restored rather than being damaged.”

From other sources-

“I firmly believe you can reduce you exposure to toxic metals quite dramatically, thereby giving your body a fighting chance to eliminate accumulated toxins and restore health:

Avoid vaccinations that inject mercury or aluminum directly into your bloodstream.

Avoid and remove dental amalgam fillings.”

“The fact that manmade vaccines cannot replicate the body’s natural experience with the disease is one of the key points of contention between those who insist that mankind cannot live without mass use of multiple vaccines and those who believe that mankind’s biological integrity will be severely compromised by their continued use.”

“[I]s it better to protect children against infectious disease early in life through temporary immunity from a vaccine, or are they better off contracting certain contagious infections in childhood and attaining permanent immunity? Do vaccine complications ultimately cause more chronic illness and death than infectious diseases do? These questions essentially pit trust in human intervention against trust in nature and the natural order, which existed long before vaccines were created by man.”

 

Maria Ringo
Ms. Ringo is a homeopath, which says about all you need to know about her credibility to give scientific or medical advice. Homeopathy is one of the most clearly useless bits of quackery out there, and anyone who takes it seriously is not someone you want to trust on matters of health. Regardless of this, she somehow is also the founder of a “natural” pet food company

From this video series-

“You can’t eat highly processed, highly adulterated food, full of synthetics from a fast food place or from the grocery store, and expect to live a fully authentic healthy life.”

“There is an epidemic of cancer. There’s a lot more cancer…. And of course, food and drugs and lifestyle and emotions, all play a part in that. We are in a stressed-out world.”

From other sources-

“Homeopathy’s principles are older than Hippocrates himself and have remained unchanged since Samuel Hahnemann formulated them in the early 1800’s”

[Advice for flea control] “Diligence rather than toxins and chemicals is the best solution. Harsh chemicals will only serve to contaminate your home and weaken your companion’s health.”

“I had never vaccinated [my dogs] and used only natural remedies to get my dogs over illnesses and accidents.”

“I am sensitive to remedies, and can feel the moment when the energy shifts in the patient and you know the remedy is active.”

 

Robert Scott Bell
Mr. Bell is an associate of Mike Adams and a co-author with Ty Bollinger, and he is another member of the right-wing conspiracy community. He is vehemently anti-vaccine, views any public health measures as fascism, rants about the HIV/AIDS “fraud,” promotes conspiracy theories about 9/11 and the Newtown, CT school massacre, and basically hits every note in the far-right anti-science, anti-government symphony. Oh, and he’s a homeopath. But by all means, let’s take his advice on pet nutrition and cancer.

From this video series-

“If you were in the wild, and you see an animal that eats what it knows to eat, no humans intervening, no veterinarians saying “Hey, you need to eat this cat,” or dog, or whatever you are. They know what to eat. Do you find much cancer in the wild? Well, not unless they’re hanging out around Chernobyl.”

“Again, there’s a lot of crony-ism in a sense. There’s a lot of money flowing in to say “Hey, prescribe our scientific diets,” basically. And we find out that the diets are so species inappropriate that you’re literally facilitating cancer via the food that they’re giving these animals.”

“As a homeopath, of course we have to be the ultimate generalist, and we’re not species specific. That’s the good news about homeopathy. We can apply what we’ve learned in human health to animal health.”

From other sources-

“Six days a week Robert Scott Bell empowers his listeners with healing principles that can aid in physical, emotional, mental, spiritual, economic and yes even political healing! Bell tackles the tough issues and shows no fear when confronting government and corporate bullies who would stand in the way of health freedom. You will be amazed by the amount of information about healing that is kept secret from you”

“Modern medicine wasn’t always around; it was rather new and rooted in patented petro-based molecules manipulated to produce many different medicines that are not healthy, similar to alopathic medicine, whereby physicians used mercury on their patients, which is a poison.”

“Robert Scott Bell, who broadcasts on the Natural News Network, accused [Jon Stewart] of waging war on “all of us who believe in health freedom and healing liberty.”…Bell took exception to Stewart’s comments, saying, ‘He’s ready to take us out and put us in concentration camps.’”

“The danger of democracy in action occurs each year when welfare scientists on the Flu Shot Advisory Committee meet to vote on next year’s influenza vaccine… “Every vote must count!” Actually, the only ones that are counted are those from the Pharmaceutical Industrial Complex with conflicts of interests heavier than the mercury-based thimerasol still found in most flu vaccines. The CDC and its flu shot cronies are evidence of immunological insanity stemming from their infantile perspective on immune function… I dub thee the Centers for Disease Creation and Abomination. You no longer have to become their willing participant or victim.”

 

Nasha Winters
Dr. Winters is a naturopath and practitioner of the pseudoscience of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She is an advocate of a wide range of alternative therapies and a firm believer in narrative over evidence (I find it a bit ironic that she supports a non-profit dedicated to funding research into alternative therapies that is called “Believe Big!”). Needless to say, her perspective on nutrition isn’t scientifically trustworthy.

From this video series-

“I’ve been working with integrative oncology for 25 years, because of my own experience with cancer. I’m 25 years out as of October 21st, 2016, with a Stage IV ovarian cancer diagnosis that didn’t give me any options. And thanks to spending the last quarter of a century exploring my own metabolic processes, I have been able to remain, we call it ‘cancer stable,’”

“We just recently lost our 15-and-a-half-year-old dog.. We were pretty sure that she was in end stages of the cancer at that time. So, we really stepped up her diet. Even though it was a grain-free diet, we started adding in more of the MCT and really pushing her into a therapeutic ketosis. Within a few weeks her symptoms were gone and she was regaining her walking again…We then added in high dose CBD oil… Within a month her tumor went from the size of a very large grapefruit to the size of a grape.”

From other sources-

“Uninsured, out of options, before the internet, and long before “Dr. Google,” it was up to me to find hope, since no one else had any.  It also pushed me to go deep within myself to find an inner strength and will to live that simply hadn’t existed for me before…  I found things that worked, things that didn’t work, got better, got worse, got scared, and eventually, got calm. After removing a root canal tooth that had given me grief since I was 14 years old, after I had quit all grains (as I had Celiac and other autoimmune patterns), and after I had done some deeper emotional work… things have been stable as of the last scan nearly 5 years ago.”

“According to Nasha Winters, a naturopathic doctor in Durango, …HPV and cervical cancer are ‘treatable through natural medicine. In states where naturopathic medicine is licensed, there is an incredible success rate in curing women with both HPV and cervical cancer.’”

 

Promoters of Pseudoscience in Veterinary Medicine

Erin Bannink
Dr. Bannink is a veterinary oncologist and a promoter of the flawed but superficially reasonable concepts of “integrative medicine” and “integrative oncology.” The idea that we should take “the best of both worlds” from science-based and alternative medicine and blend them sounds reasonable. In practice, however, this really means setting up a double standard of evidence in which some therapies have to be scientifically tested and others are accepted as safe or effective based on alternative theory, tradition, or anecdotal experience. Dr. Bannink practices both legitimate conventional cancer treatment and the unscientific mystical nonsense that is Traditional Chinese Medicine, and she chooses to see this as being open-minded and “integrative” rather than as an evidentiary double standard.

While I appreciate her apparently sincere desire to apply scientific methods to herbal therapies, the fact that she begins by accepting and practicing such treatments based on mystical unscientific nonsense and appears to view scientific validation as not fundamentally necessary is both epistemologically and ethically problematic. This approach avoids the pitfalls of anti-science or ideological extremism seen in other participants, but it still privileges personal experience and belief over objective evidence and subjects pets to therapies not effectively tested for safety and effectiveness. Integrative medicine is essentially a Trojan horse for smuggling unscientific ideas and practices into mainstream medicine.

From this video series-

“I’ve always had a really heavy interest in alternative medicine… I had some health issues that responded to diet changes and so there is a very personal impact that that understanding about how the food we eat impacts our state of well-being and our health in ways that conventional medicine didn’t appreciate at the time. I mean I received little assistance from the conventional medicine realm of things and sort of went on an exploration on my own to try to figure out what I could do to optimize my own state of health.”

“I practice Traditional Chinese Medicine. So, that’s a combination of multiple herbs which are in one prescription that are usually given about twice a day. And we also do a lot with nutritional counseling because what we put in our mouth has a very important impact on the state of the body and the health of the body… The less processed the diet is the less inflammation tends to be triggered by the food that we’re eating.”

“I think organic foods and non-GMO foods are very important… I think the chronic low-dose exposure to a lot of the chemicals and pollutants in the environment is probably a significant contributing factor to the reason that those types of diseases are on the rise…[Pets should be] eating wholesome foods that aren’t processed that are picked from the field, you know, that have life in them still.”

 

Karen Becker
Dr. Becker is one of the organizers of this video project, and one of the most prominent promoters of veterinary pseudoscience. She runs the veterinary division of Joseph Mercola’s quack web site, and I have discussed her work often on this blog (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). She practices homeopathy, acupuncture, and herbal medicine, and she routinely condemns conventional medicine and nutrition practices as “toxic” and ineffective. To hear her tell it, our pets are living in the most horrible, toxic world possible, suffering and dying constantly due to unnatural and poisonous food, water, air, and medicines, and science-based veterinarians are clueless or corrupt and so only make things worse.

Dr. Becker is one of the more consistently anti-science voices in the veterinary profession, despite paying lip service to science and misusing or cherry-picking evidence when it suits her ideology. The fact the she is one of the drivers of this series undermines the credibility of the series and illustrates the barely concealed anti-science agenda behind it.

From this video series-

“Veterinary schools in North America are reactive. Which means we go to school and we learn how to identify symptoms of a disease, and then what drugs to use to treat the symptoms… So, we’re waiting until these animals get cancer and then we have to talk about cutting it out, poisoning it out with chemotherapy, or burning it out with radiation.”

“But veterinarians have convinced an entire 100 years of pet owners that if you feed anything other than pet food, dry kibble, or canned food, you could be harming your pet. In fact, veterinarians are the only wellness profession that actually tell you to eat more processed food and fresh food could be risky.”

“Cellular malnutrition really is a front and center issue with the pet food industry…The other aspects of environmental toxins come about from living in a polluted world…the two big sources of toxins for pets in North America come from the immediate home environment and the veterinarian.”

“You can break the cycle with enough knowledge to be able to make excellent choices. And I wish I could say go to your veterinarian, they’re the source of this knowledge. You end up, usually, out of desperation sadly…unless you are, by nature, a wildly proactive human, you end up usually having heartbreak.”

From other sources-

“I suspect another reason (aside from today’s tough economic climate), is because many traditionally trained DVMs practice ‘reactive’ veterinary medicine. This means they don’t have much to offer pets unless and until they’re good and sick…”

“The whole debate about raw food doesn’t make a lot of sense to me. Dogs and cats have consumed living, raw meats for thousands of years…The truth is both cats and dogs are designed specifically to consume raw meat. Their bodies are adapted to process raw, living foods.”

“I absolutely recommend that you never again vaccinate a mast cell patient.”

“Vaccinosis is a problem only holistic veterinarians seem willing to acknowledge. It is …chronic reactions to not only the altered virus contained in the vaccine, but also to the chemicals, adjuvants, and other components of tissue culture cell lines — as well as possible genetic changes — that can be induced by vaccines…Since the introduction of dog and cat vaccines, the traditional view of their use has been that they are safe and can be given as frequently as once or twice a year. This approach, tragically, has caused a tremendous amount of suffering for millions of pets.”

“Animals innately know what they need to heal themselves. Wild animals have access to Nature’s pharmacy, but our pets don’t. As doctors we dictate what medicine our patients will receive and at what dose. But we often prescribe incorrectly, with disastrous results.”

 

Ian Billnghurst
Dr. Billinghurst is a veterinarian most well-known for his promotion of the BARF (Bones and Raw Food Diet). Like so many of the alternative vets associated with this project, he blames most disease on toxins in the environment, especially in commercial pet foods. He believes raw diets and other unproven nutritional approaches can prevent or cure most disease, and he is another evangelist for ketogenic diets as a a cure for most cancer.

From this video series-

“Our oncologists simply want to use the current standard of care; cut, burn, and poison, and they don’t end up with a great deal of success, unfortunately.”

“Unfortunately, oncologists don’t know anything about the metabolic theory of cancer. They have no idea that the mitochondria are actually in charge. So, the only thing they’re ever taught at university is the genetic theory of cancer…and that is absolutely not the case.”

“We are feeding the perfect cancer growth diet. Our veterinarians, our oncologists, and our friends in human medicine appear to have no idea that this is the case. And isn’t that terrible? We recommend foods to our cancer patients that are going to make the cancer worse, that are going to kill the patient.”

“Processed pet food feeds cancer, feeds the cancer industry”

From other sources-

“Apart from surgery…the conventional veterinary approach is to bombard an already compromised body (scarred by a lifetime spent consuming fake industrial food) with chemical poisons and radiation. If these modalities don’t kill the patient immediately, they usually promote a more damaging and more aggressive form of cancer, further down the track. Meanwhile, the terminal part of the dog’s life becomes an endless round of treatments, tests and misery. At this stage, everybody is clutching at straws, hoping against hope that this particular cancer in this particular patient proves to be the exception.”

“While surgery has its place… the chemotherapy and radiation used by modern medicine … mostly does more harm than good. The newer targeted therapies—while promising much—are proving a costly and cruel failure.”

“Most degenerative disease processes in pet animals are the direct result of a lifetime being fed cooked and/or processed foods…Processed pet foods contain barely adequate levels of the known vitamins…Many contain biologically inappropriate antioxidants, enormous levels of refined sugars and masses of salt together with other chemicals used as colorings and flavorings. This chemical cocktail is a lethal brew which is a major factor in producing the epidemic of degenerative disease leading to the early death and suffering we see in pet animals fed such rubbish, including cancer, arthritis and a range of allergies and auto immune diseases.”

[Cancer is] a complex story. It’s one that our oncologists currently either don’t know about or don’t want to know about, because there’s a lot of money tied up in using chemotherapy and radiotherapy.”

 

Steve Brown
Steve Brown is another pet nutrition “expert” with no formal scientific training in nutrition who has still managed to discover that all the official experts are wrong about almost everything. He has written books about his nutrition theories and founded a company, with which he is no longer affiliated, to produce commercial raw dog food.

From this video series-

“If the great granddad ate this poor carbo­hydrate-laden diet with rancid fats, then his offspring will be less healthy, and then their offspring could be less healthy. So, each generation gets weaker and weaker and more susceptible to cancer because of the epigenetics parts.”

From other sources-

“I asked Steve why he thinks it is that most veterinary nutritionists are against fresh pet food. Is it because their lack of education in that area makes them defensive? Or are they so completely obligated to the processed pet food industry that they would never consider accepting, much less condoning fresh food for pets?”

“Steve believes they don’t want to know and don’t want to learn. Lots of vets make lots of money selling dry dog foods, prescription diets, and so forth. He feels they are brainwashed, and this is especially true for older practitioners, who don’t want to question what they’ve been recommending and selling to their clients for the last 30 years. They don’t want to find out they’ve been listening to the wrong pet food “experts” their entire career.”

 

Jean Dodds
I’ve written about Dr. Dodds many times, including an exhaustive analysis of her book on nutrigenomics and her misleading work on vaccine dosing. (1,2) Despite some useful early work on transfusion medicine, Dr. Dodds, has waded into the deep end of the alternative medicine pool and left science behind. She promotes all manner of bogus and unproven therapies, and she sells endocrine and allergy testing methods that are not accepted as effective or legitimate by actual experts in those fields. She continuously claims scientific support for her beliefs, but when one investigates her references, they are mere window dressing, either research that doesn’t actually support her claims or citations of her own opinions or those of other alternative theorists.

Her views about nutrition, like her views about allergies, thyroid disease, vaccination, and many other subjects, are not consistent with established science. Despite her accomplishments, Dr. Dodds has become one of the most consistent and prominent supporters of pseudoscience in veterinary medicine.

Here are some additional articles discussing Dr. Dodds and her views: 3, 4, 5

From this video series-

“The epigenetic things would be the environment, in terms of over-vaccination, deple­tion of the ozone layer, pollution of the earth.”

“The biggest problem I have with kibbles is the grains that are in them that could be genetically modified or are glutens, and glutens cause all kinds of diseases in pets as well as people today.”

“[For cancer] I would do acupuncture. I would do Chinese herbal medicine, absolutely, if they can tolerate it, because some animals can’t, do the right nutrition, and maybe spiritual growth for the family so that there’s more joy in their life for the pet, so it’s not gloom and doom.  If all else fails, you talk to an animal communicator and you find out what the animal wants. Does the animal want to stay and fight and live and be happy? Quality of life. Or does the animal have the eyes that are gone, wants to leave and be in heaven? Animal communicators can be really— good qualified ones can be really good with that.”

“With vaccines or preventives or other pharmaceuticals, the industry generally doesn’t look for toxicity and carcinogenicity. They look for general safety and efficacy. Does it work? The government doesn’t require them to report carcinogenicity or toxicity. They don’t study that.”

“This lovely client says “I just want Peanut not to suffer. I’m not going to cut her up anymore. I want her not to suffer and when it’s her time, God will make that decision.” Wonderful! What we’re going to do is give a liver – it’s a liver problem – liver cleansing diet and liver cleansing herbs, give her a hug, and give him a hug, and send them on their way.”

“Vaccines clearly can contribute to cancer….If an animal’s immune system is depressed or dysfunctional, right, you’re giving them all these antigens with adjuvants, if they’re killed. You’ve got mercury, aluminum, whatever. You’ve got fetal calf serum. You have all these growth-promoting factors in there.”

From other sources-

“Low-grade autoimmune reaction to gluten can trigger a wildfire of chronic inflammation that affects every organ system in the body, including the brain, heart, joints and digestive tract. It can even create an immune response that causes subclinical brain inflammation, resulting in age-related dementia”

Tthe menacing powers of corn, wheat and soy go even further than you might imagine.”

“Fluoride likely contributes to osteosarcoma”

“Standard allopathic treatments for immunologic disorders can be replaced with holistic alternatives and homeopathic remedies.”


Sharon Doolittle
Dr. Doolittle is an exclusive practitioner of alternative therapies and an advocate for a classic type of quackery known as Applied Kinesiology. In veterinary use, the main way this is practiced is by having a client touch the animal patient, waving some proposed toxin, allergen, or other substance over the animal and then testing how strongly the client can resist when the practitioner pushes on their arm. The subjective assessment of weak resistance is used to determine if the animal is having health problems associated with the test substance. Anyone advocating this sort of nonsense clearly has little understanding or respect for legitimate science in guiding their medical practice.

From this video series-

“In holistic medicine, I think we’re extending lifespans and extending quality of life in a way that conventional medicine is unaware of.”

“I get them off of their kibble, which I lovingly call “death in a bag” in my practice”

“We talk over vaccination. I say, ‘Say it with me.’ I make them say it with me ‘No more vaccines.’ So, we repeat that chant, ‘No more vaccines.’”

“’Why do we get this?’ I say, ‘To me the trifecta is poor nutrition, death in a bag, over-vaccination, and environmental toxins.’”

“It’s tragic to me that my clients can better answer just logically without having to see a study, but conventional medicine – especially the higher you go up — I think they are so study bound and research bound and whatever which is fine to a point, but when it gets to a point just superseding simple logic, then I think it becomes problematic.”

From other sources-

“Dr. Doolittle concentrates exclusively on holistic animal healthcare, including Nutrition Response Testing, Applied Kinesiology, Animal Chiropractic, Clinical Nutrition, and other alternative therapies.”

“My opinion on raw diet is that this is the optimal plane of nutrition for dogs. Kibble & canned foods have been over-processed and overcooked, causing all the nutrients to be destroyed in the process. Also they are grain based (often wheat & corn) which are generally poorly tolerated by canines & are pro inflammatory (leading to health issues).”

“The 5 main stressors that affect whether an animal (or human!) is switched or blocked, or that can test locally to a particular organ are food (and/or digestion), heavy metal toxins, solvent or chemical toxins, immune challenges such as bacteria, yeast, parasites, or virus, and scars…We live on such a toxic planet, that no being is safe from accumulating toxins in their body. We humans have done a GREAT job of destroying the air, water, and soil on this planet, and turning it into a toxic waste dump.”

 

Will Falconer
Dr. Falconer has been a frequent subject of my posts because he is one of the most extreme and potentially dangerous proponents of quack medicine in the profession. He practices primarily homeopathy, and he regularly represents this worthless nonsense as not just an adjunct but a replacement for legitimate medical care, even in the face of life-threatening disease. He vociferously rejects nearly all aspects of scientific medicine, regularly counseling against vaccination and the use of conventional medicines and claiming that most veterinarians who haven’t seen the light are doing more harm than good for their patients. His participation in this project, like that of Adams and Bollinger, reveals the deeply extremist, anti-science agenda of the organizers.

Here are numerous previous posts discussing the quack views of Dr. Falconer: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

From this video series-

“This bag of kibble, nothing like it. It’s dead, it’s full of toxic ingredients, and genetically speaking the dog is saying, ‘Hey, you domesticated me and I’m cute and all, but digestively I still got that call from within saying where’s the prey.’”

“The name of the game for sickness now is chronic disease, meaning these diseases the last for years if not for life. So, you won’t see wild animals with chronic disease, it’ unheard of. It’s a manmade disease and we are making it often in the name of prevention.”

“Education in homeopathy was life shattering. It was the best thing I’ve had since vet school and eclipsed vet school actually.”

“Conventional veterinarians miss it all the time. But if you give a round of shots which is often what we call a combo-wombo shot, it’s five things in that syringe. It’s not just one virus, it’s five. You give that and the dog goes home or the cat goes home…About a month later they’re back for reasons of illness. Sometimes it’s up to two months, but right in that window is when things start to break loose.”

“We’re causing illness with these vaccines…they’re not doing any good for the pets or the horses or, you know, the people. Whoever is getting them…even holistic vets who learn that same information that we learned, I remember one of who became the president of the Holistic Vet Association said, “Well I’m not changing my policies…I’m going to keep vaccinating…” Okay, so how holistic is your holistic vet?”

“The benign being a fatty tumor like a lipoma or a wart, all the way over to the malignant, which is of course the cancer that kills you. The correlation between vaccines and that has been established long before I ever was born on the planet.”

“When this particular article came out about this drug, this new miracle drug for itch, that search term for that drug name just popped my article up time and time again. I just rose to the first page of Google search results…when this article took off and got really viral, and so many hits and I rose to the top of the search engines for the term of this drug, all of a sudden my website started going dark and I’d get alerted to it…that was a creepy feeling to know that—sounded like big pharma was trying to shut me down.”

“We’re doing all these things in veterinary medicine in the name of prevention and ironically creating illness. So back in the day when vets didn’t have so much interaction with pets, they lived till ripe old ages.”

“Pet owners are being advised to if you really care about these animals you will take this pack of poison—they don’t call them poisons, they call them preventatives, right. It’s a kinder word.”

“The heartworm drugs are some of the worst; we’ll see autoimmune disease from those.”

From other sources-
“I put the antibiotics away for good when my own cat Cali, in trying to have her first kittens, did so out in the wilds of Haleakala on Maui, and came dragging herself in with a horribly infected uterus, leaking a foul smelling discharge, and clearly seriously ill. I knew even antibiotics would have a hard time helping her, but I also knew I had something deeply curative to offer now: homeopathic medicine.”

“The model of disease prevention put forth by conventional veterinarians is fundamentally flawed. It is in fact damaging the animals whose owners partake in it.”

“The pushing of vaccinations by Dr. WhiteCoat throughout your animal’s life doesn’t add to her immunity…And you know that vaccines are harmful. Chronic disease often follows vaccination, even a single vaccination.”

“This broken model of disease “prevention” will never change from Dr. WhiteCoat’s side, who sells it:

He refuses to see the possibility of it causing harm.
He’s comfortable in it; change loses to maintaining the status quo.

He profits from providing it and profits again from the disease it causes.”

 

Marty Goldstein
Dr. Goldstein is another celebrity participant, a veterinarian to the stars. He is also a strong advocate of the bait-and-switch known as “integrative medicine.” This means he will sometimes use science-based treatments, but then often gives the credit for any improvement to homeopathy, acupuncture, raw diets, herbs, and other alternative treatments he also employs.

Dr. Goldstein, much like Jean Dodds, is one of those alternative practitioners who is so nice and caring and respected (at least by celebrity clients and alternative medicine advocates) that it is considered almost taboo to point out that much of what he sells is unproven at best and, as in the case of homeopathy, completely useless nonsense.

I’ve talked frequently about the problem with the concept of alternative medicine experts. Being learned and experienced in the use of unproven or quack therapies makes one an expert only in a narrow, and fundamentally misleading sense. An “expert” on homeopathy is like an expert on astrology or a long-dead religion: they know a great deal about something fictional, but this knowledge is only useful to believers, and there is no reason for those who don’t share the faith to take their proclamations seriously. For all his good intentions, Dr. Goldstein charges people lots of money to provide unscientific advice and fake medicine, along with the real medicine and, presumably, sound advice he “integrates” with the snake oil. This does not make him an expert but mistaken and, thanks to his prominence and PR skills, a bit dangerous.

From this video series-

“There is no focus on healthcare in our profession. Our profession is a disease-oriented establishment. We learn how to diagnose disease and then drug it. But more importantly, we learn how to prevent disease using agents that cause disease. So, our focus in this profession is one on disease. So we have manifested what our focus is called disease and the end result of that, the last stop on the track, is called cancer.”

“Over my 44-year career I’ve seen so many mistakes in healthcare that cancer had to happen and now when it does happen it gains a consciousness greater than that of man.”

“DR. BECKER: Describe cancer in one word.

  1. GOLDSTEIN: Stupidity. Three words. Stupidity in healthcare. It’s the end result, it’s the end marker of how much in the wrong direction we’ve gone in the field of healthcare. Period. We created it. To me, cancer does not exist as an entity.”

From other sources-

“Through his book, The Nature of Animal Healing, Dr Marty provides advice on a wide range of practical topics central to a pet’s health including why we shouldn’t feed our animals commercial pet food or why vaccines can actually do more harm than good.” Oprah Winfrey

“Instead of turning to external therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation, Goldstein looks within, analyzing his patients’ blood profiles and prescribing nutritional supplements, herbs, and homeopathic remedies to help their bodies return to balance.”

“[In the] typical hour-long consult for which Goldstein charges $420…Goldstein talks about the common veterinary practices that can steer dogs toward disease — first and foremost, overvaccination….Goldstein is an advocate of raw diets.”

“Goldstein has inspired fanatical devotion in pet lovers with his alternative approach to veterinary care: herbs, supplements, vitamins, homeopathic remedies and acupuncture as opposed to the staples of conventional care–antibiotics, steroids, cortisone injections. While most veterinarians still dispense annual vaccines, Goldstein blames many chronic ailments on this practice. He encourages his clients to feed their pets raw meat.”

 

Jodie Gruenstern
One more “integrative” veterinarian promoting the usual suspicions of science-based medicine and unproven or disproven claims for alternative medicine. Vaccines are dangerous, Chinese Medicine is taken seriously, conventional ideas about nutrition are all wrong, science-based medicine doesn’t usually work and often makes everything worse, etc. Belief in the basic tenets of alternative medicine seems to be the main qualification for being asked to participate in this series (and it helps to have written a book or created a alternative health product line).

From this video series-

“I got involved with essential oils because of my dog having cancer…I learned how to soak a dog in essential oils and since then I’ve become enamored with essential oils as a modality for managing cancer.”

“I couldn’t practice anymore without the Yunnan Bai­yao…I don’t know what I would without it, not only internally like a capsule for a lot of bleeding disorders. Pretty much any type of anemia. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, for hemangiosarcoma it’s defi­nitely the go to herb. But also, topically. It stimulates granulation tissue like you just can’t believe. So, open wounds we will use that. It has an antiseptic impact. An anti-cancer impact and stimulat­ing the granulation tissue to promote healing. It’s just amazing.” [Except, of course, the evidence mostly shows it doesn’t work.]

“My newest thinking about the positive thoughts and conscious languaging and pets hear what you say and think and how many of them are sponges and get the same diseases that we are getting… I had a new client that came in telling me that they had heard that if they fed raw food, their dog wouldn’t get diabetes. Their previous dog had diabetes….Four years later, their new dog got diabetes on raw. I was blown away….We were talking and he said, “I don’t get it Dr. Jodie, my first dog had diabetes. My second dog has diabetes. I have diabetes. My son has diabetes.”  I’m like, “That’s it. That’s why.” You people are constantly thinking about diabetes. You cannot keep thinking about it.”

From other sources-

“Too many pets are developing severe allergies and cancer. Their immune systems are severely compromised due to excessive vaccinations, processed food nutrition and toxic environments,”

 

Rodney Habib
Mr. Habib is a professional activist and well on his way to becoming the Mike Adams or Joe Mercola of animal health. He would likely view that as a compliment, but clearly it is not. While it is possible to admire Mr. Habib’s passion and success as a manipulator of the media, unfortunately most of what he is selling is pseudoscientific nonsense. He skillfully uses social media to instill fear in pet owners; fear of pet food, vaccines, and virtually anything mainstream veterinary medicine recommends. And despite absolutely no training or expertise in science, he confidently tells the public that vets and scientists have it all wrong, and they should listen to his advice instead.

This advice consists of the usual evidence-free arguments for raw food, ketogenic diets, dietary supplements, herbal remedies, the dangers of vaccination, and many of the usual unproven or bogus ideas promoted in this series. Mr. Habib is one of the main architects of this project, along with Mr. Bollinger and Dr. Becker. If ever there was a group of people better at public relations than at health science, it is this trio.

From this video series-

“[Referring to Ty Bollinger’s Truth About Cancer series] I was up all night, researching, researching, and that’s where I stumbled upon your documentary, right? And it was literally mind-boggling for me. It opened my eyes up to see a whole different world that’s not talked about in the pet realms. So, your series really put me onto a path where I am today.”

“You talk to veterinarians back in the 70s, and they’ll tell you that the average dog used to live to be around 15, the golden retriever used to live to be 17 back in the 70s. Today, the golden retriever lives to be 9. We don’t feed our animals anymore, we let the manufacturers do it”

“Imagine knowing, as a pet owner, ‘Oh my God, my dog had a giant tumor on the side of it and I feed my dog 4 cups a day, and 50% of that is sugar. I’m feeding my dog two cups of starches and sugars a day.’ Imagine what that’s going to do to tumors.”

“It’s almost like the anti-virus company. You know, you put that virus out and then they force you to go and buy that anti-virus software to cure it. So, these animals that go on these supermarket foods that are laden with these sugars and develop these yeast infections and yeast diseases and diabetes, then go to their veterinarian clinic, and they tell you, “Here’s the cure here.” The same company that made it. It’s terrible.”

“Over-vaccinating is a huge issue Ty, and it’s a very, very sensitive topic today. We know that we can cause copious amounts of cancer… So, I started to release these blogs that became very, very popular, viral blogs on over-vaccinating, but the problem today, Ty, it’s such a taboo subject, that Facebook actually went in and started to haul my blogs out… Literally, you write about it, it’s being removed and erased off social media.”

“I recently had this encounter with this police officer who brought me his dog…He vaccinated that pet, Ty, on Friday. By Monday morning, that dog was seizuring. And that dog, for the rest of his life, was seizuring.”

“We know the challenge today in the veterinary realms is of course, it’s a business. Where’s the money going to come from? So, you come in, I have to vaccinate you, I have children, I have a livelihood.”

Pesticides. Flea and tick treatments. We are putting poisons on the back of the necks of animals, or pills in their bodies that change the biochemistry of the blood. So, when a flea or tick bites you and drinks your blood it dies. That’s not going to cause any cancer? There was a study that was done on this…and it was muzzled and hidden”

From other sources-

“The veterinarian of the future will give no medication, but will interest their animal patients in the care of the animal frame, diet, and in the cause and prevention of disease.”

“Pet owners no longer trust veterinarians.”

“Today, in the 21st century, we are experiencing a disease epidemic. We are the sickest we have ever been and toxins play a major role in this.”

“We can be feeding our furry loved ones the best foods in the world but pores clogged with toxins will not allow essential nutrients to pass, causing a weakened immune system. A pet’s weakened immune system equals a multitude of problems! Milk thistle is the boss of detoxifiers!”

“Today we live in the most toxic environment ever!… Diseases and illnesses are soaring at an all-time high, as our pets’ immune systems are constantly being beat up!”

 

Kohl Harrington
Mr. Harrington was likely drawn into this project through contacts associated with his own film about pet health, Pet Fooled. This documentary takes a very strident stance against the pet food industry, suggesting that companies are motivated primarily by profit, not the well-being of pets, and that commercial pet food is a health hazard. Mr. Harrington, like several other participants, has no formal expertise or training. Apparently, his groomer told him to Google “grain-free pet food,” and he that led him to a self-driven “internet education” that, as so often happens, convinced him he knows more than actual experts in veterinary nutrition.

Judging from his film and interviews (e.g. this interview with Dr. Becker) Mr. Harrington thinks pet food companies are all pretty awful. He interprets pretty much anything they do as sinister. For example, he suggests that the unwillingness of any individual company representatives to participate in his documentary demonstrates they have something to hide, rather than recognizing that they aren’t stupid enough to offer sound bites to someone constructed a biased, one-sided “exposé” about them. But when an industry lobby group does agree to talk with him, he finds it horrifying that they deny some of the claims made about their products. Can’t win for losing?

I have no doubt that pet food companies, like all large for-profit industries, have an inclination to some bad behaviors which must be controlled through regulation and investigative journalism. However, Mr. Harrington’s approach of starting with an agenda, doing “research” on YouTube, then talking with extremist anti-science activists, and finally suggesting that industry representatives are awful both for not talking to him and for what they say when they do talk to him, illustrates this is not investigative journalism but simply a sensationalist hatchet job.

Interestingly, one of the nutritionists interviewed in this video series, Dr. Bartges, has publically disputed much of what Mr. Harrington claims in his documentary:

“While there is some excellent storytelling, there’s also a lot of misinformation designed to alarm you.”

“Although this movie says dogs are wolves and eat the same things, this is not true.” [a point I have been making repeatedly for years; 2013, 2014, 2016]

“Dry food does not cause kidney disease in cats just as crackers do not cause kidney disease in people. Protein also does not cause kidney disease.”

“BHA is a synthetic antioxidant that has been shown to be safe.”

From other sources-

“He got the idea for the film five years ago when a friend’s dog had itchy skin on its stomach. A veterinarian was unable to diagnose what its groomer recognized as a common side effect of food allergies.”

“Kohl knew nothing about pet food when he took on the project. “I was basically stepping into it clueless,” he says. Growing up, his family had dogs and cats, but they were free-roaming indoor/outdoor pets who mostly hunted their own food.”

“The film exposes the motivation of companies mass producing pet food from corn, wheat and other non-nutritionally sound ingredients that cause illness and disease in pets.”

“The pet food industry is exceptionally misleading and deceptive.”

“Since major pet food companies are involved with and have influence over vet students, lack of education surrounding raw diets exists heavily among traditional vets.”

 

Doug Knueven
Dr. Knueven is a practitioner and advocate for a wide variety of alternative therapies, from acupuncture and homeopathy to herbal medicine and unconventional diets. In his various writings, he promotes the philosophy of vitalism, the idea that the fundamental nature of living things is located in non-physical, spiritual elements and that medicine can only be effective at preserving health and treating disease by addressing the spiritual aspects of patients. This is a common view among alternative medicine advocates, and many alternative therapies ultimately depend on some core spiritual belief  (e.g. “innate intelligence” for chiropractic, “vital force” for homeopathy, “Ch’i” for Chinese Medicine, etc.).

The problem with this view is that since such forces cannot be objectively measured or evaluated, every person has their own completely untestable beliefs about them. This means that any idea about disease and medical care must be valid is it conforms with the spiritual understanding of a particular practitioner, and we should give up on the idea of “proving” anything to be true or false in medicine. This strategy failed us spectacularly for most of human history, and the scientific approach, which sets aside spiritual beliefs and focuses on what we can all examine and study together, has been much more effective at promoting health and reducing suffering.

From this video series-

“If you talk to the experts, they’ll say “Oh we are seeing more cancer because we are feeding the pets so well, and they are living longer, so of course we are going to see more cancer.” But in my experience, we are seeing cancer in younger and younger animals.”

“I look back and I think when I just got out of vet school, I believed in Science Diet. I believed in dog food, because it says on the bag, “dog food.” We’re all brainwashed to think that this is what animals are supposed to eat.”

“Fear is not a good place to come from when you’re dealing with a pet that has a problem….there’s an energy connection between the person and their pet…animals will walk into my office with these big tumors and they’re wagging their tail, you know, they don’t know they have some kind of problem until the client communicates it with their energy. And I think that that makes the situation worse.”

“I had a case…where this mass was sticking out of its face…I was doing acupuncture, we were doing herbs, and the cat got better for about 6 months…then it started going downhill…and I told the client that I thought this was getting close to the end. And she came back in two weeks later and the tumor was 50% smaller…She said “I talked to an animal communicator and the animal communicator was talking to the cat and talking about energy medicine and how to use energy medicine to heal the tumor. And apparently the cat said back “Oh, I can do that.”…There was nothing that I did, there was no other change besides this energy medicine. So, I really think that there is more to health and healing than what we know physically and tapping into that can be very helpful.”

From other sources-

“I’m a Holistic vet. Holistic medicine addresses the patient as a whole – body, mind, and SPIRIT. There is a level of reality beyond, and yet enmeshed in, the physical, material universe. If I did not have an appreciation of the spiritual aspects of my patients and their caregivers, they and I would become little more than robots. Don’t settle for treatment by a robot.”

“The concept of holism stands in direct opposition to the Western reductionist view. Holistic practitioners believe that vital life energy is the most important factor in the health of the patient…Because medical science has defined itself on a strictly physical basis, it is true that vitalism is unscientific. By definition, vitalism embraces a concept about a nonphysical force that can never be understood within the current scientific, medical paradigm.”


Kevin Landau
Dr. Landau is a “all alternative” practitioner, focusing on animal chiropractic, Chinese Medicine, laser therapy, and applied kinesiology, though he also uses homeopathy and alternative nutritional practices. Apart from laser, which is a promising but unproven method, these are all pseudoscientific practices. On his Facebook page, he regularly claims to prolong life and reverse disease when conventional medicine was ineffective. This is the usual sort of self-serving and self-validating anecdotal narrative that is commonly employed to justify untested or unscientific therapies, and it part of a deeply anti-science world view.

From this video series-

“The real downside for what’s going on in the veterinary community is that everyone likes to get super specific and talk about percentages and fats and proteins and carbohydrates and micronutrient ratios, and to me food is really simple. It’s either good food or bad food.”

“I see a huge correlation between pro­cessed, commercial, grain-based diets where companies spend so much money on the packaging and so little on what’s actually in the bag. It’s just quite frustrating and disappointing.”

“You can get cancers that are really driven by poor diet which tend to be hot, inflammatory or damp heat. You get other tumors that are more from diets and environmental situations that lead to deficiency in the circulation and then blood stasis, that is a different variety of tumor. And then there is energetic things that can happen to the body that create blockages that lead to tumor formation. So, for me it’s about categorizing…what is going on in the body energetically and then figuring out how to unlock that body’s potential to get energy moving.”

From other sources-

“With the power of Applied Kinesiology and many imbalances can be identified and corrected even before they create pain or illness! Acupuncture will get energy flowing through these stagnant, painful acupuncture points treats the problem.”

“Horses and people tend to anger easily when there is an imbalance in the body that leads to stagnation of energy….The liver is responsible for the smooth flow of energy or qi. Liver qi stagnation is the imbalance that often creates this imbalance…People who are stubborn and pushy often have liver qi stagnation also. Many times when I am working on a horse with liver qi stagnation, I realize that I am feeling quite annoyed or frustrated only a few minutes into an examination. The horse’s imbalance is stagnationg [sic] my liver qi making me frustrated! When I get to acupuncture points associated with liver, this horse will often be painful and may even try to kick me (making me feel even more angry!). Most importantly, at this point I just let the owners know what is going on by saying, ‘I am feeling quite frustrated and angry around your horse. I believe he/she has a lot of stagnation in the liver. Have you been noticing yourself feeling more angry around your horse?’.”

 

Steve Marsden
Dr. Marsden is a prominent Chinese Medicine vet, and though he practices homeopathy, naturopathy, chiropractic, and other alternative methods, he is best known for his advocacy of the pseudoscience of Chinese medicine. In a classic example of the approach of alternative medicine to evidence, he has started the “Cured Cases” web site as a forum for discussion of Chinese medicine approaches and a repository for anecdotes to support belief in the practice.

From this video series-

“’We’re coming at this the wrong way.’ Now we’re coming at it in a way that’s profitable, and we’re coming at it in a way that’s scientifically plausible, but here’s the problem…Food I think is the problem….Perhaps 2/3 of tumors are linked to diet…and it’s probably a lot more than that.”

“We need to stop thinking about ‘do I have the right nutrients?’ We need to start think­ing about ‘how does this body react to this food in this form?’”

“This disruptive microcirculation that Chinese medicine was all about for the past 2,000 years, is directly caused by high insulin levels….It’s this disrupted microcirculation, and it’s inflammation that can just never stop. It can’t stop because the blood vessels are in control of it. Who is controlling the blood vessels? It’s high insulin levels.”

From other sources-

“When we want to both tonify Blood and pull off fluid, Dang Gui Shao Yao San is a consideration”

“Given the overt Blood deficiency and history of chronic vomiting, I’d wonder about adding in Yi Guan Jian.”

“I agree with your Damp Heat assessment, and would suggest starting with Si Miao San…I hear what you’re saying about coolness. However, long term damage to Blood and Yin by Damp Heat can create Blood deficiency, and with that a superficial chilliness. If you’re quite sure, however, that he’s too cold, then I’d wonder about Chu Shi Wei Ling Tang. This augmentation of Wei Ling Tang might address the skin condition, even as the Wei Ling Tang at its core addresses long term IBD and even the insulin resistance characteristic of Cushings. So, for a Cold, dog (with, for example a cold tongue and overt sun-seeking), it would be my first choice.”

“Homeopathic Ferrum metallicum 30C can be helpful in animals vomiting their food undigested hours after eating.”

 

Rick Palmquist
Dr. Palmquist is an alternative veterinarian about whom I have written many, many times (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). He employs and promotes nearly every imaginable form of pseudoscience, and he is a major figure in the leadership of the AHVMF. Dr. Palmquist is the classic example of an advocate for pseudoscience who talks about the importance of science and who often cites scientific research, but only when it supports his beliefs. He rejects or flatly ignores any evidence that contradicts them in favor of anecdotes, personal experience, and pure faith. Science is not, in the approach he puts forward, necessary for true knowledge, only a secondary means of supporting or promoting what one knows from direct experience.

Dr. Palmquist seems to be a genuinely nice guy, but he is deeply anti-science in his world view, he seems unable to imagine that his own experiences might be misleading, and he promotes a wide range of useless or harmful nonsense as well as unproven ideas.

From this video series-

“Our problem is that we have very invisible and insidious things damaging our health. The food has been changed. The soil has been changed.  We have so many toxins in the environment now in small amount that those things are causing these micro-injuries.”

“Evidence-based medicine is the last to know.”

“We actually know, from an energetic and intuitive phase, which isn’t a popular word to use in the scientific environment, that when we feed cancer patients less sugar they live for a longer period of time….Has anybody done a study on that? No.

“I love evidence based medicine….But here’s the situation. If …you ask an evidence based specialist what’s the truth about this, the only data they have to answer is the data that has been done. Actual re­search that’s been done. So, the question is, is there evidence that increased sugar, increases cancer?”

“I can’t point you to a paper today that says that… But we know that increased sugar, increases inflammation in the body… Anything that changes the inflammatory profile of the body in a chronic way is by virtue of chronic inflammation going to increase cancer rates.”

“There’s a huge lobby that wants not to find that. Since most of the research is funded by pet food companies, and low-cost carbohydrates are easy ingredients in pet foods, we can’t an­ticipate that the pet food companies are going to do studies to look at the relationship…They’re not going to fund those studies.

That’s not what they want to do….Their board of directors say, “We want to make a corporate profit.” That’s not a bad thing. Companies do a lot of good research but they’re not going to fund those studies because they don’t have anything to gain from them.”

“I have a tremendous number of dogs that prefer beef….From an energetic standpoint, as a Chinese practitioner, I wouldn’t recommend that because they’re a lot of times having other kinds of problems where I think the beef is too hot for them. …I like to start most of my dogs on turkey, to be honest….It’s a cooling meat and most of our cancer patients are too hot from a Chinese medicine stand­point. That’s why they got cancer in the first place.”

“Cancer is the body’s solution to a condition that it can’t solve any other way…. The truth of the matter is health is gardening and tumors are a sign that there’s a problem with the soil. If we change the soil, we change the health, we change the garden and we get less cancer. We don’t get no cancer.”

“Sometimes we change the food and the cancer falls off….And you say, “Well, that can’t happen.” Well, it just did. While some people say that one case isn’t statistically significant, I don’t have a lot of other patients that I give chemotherapy to where the cancer falls off and doesn’t come back. The only cases I have where the cancer fell off are cases that we changed the diet.”

From other sources-

“When we use “science” to kill hope by stopping progress we find real harm occurring.”

“When a miracle surpasses our science, we can deny the miracle or use our science to pursue improved understanding. It’s a choice.”

“If you want to treat disease study chemicals. If you want to heal seek love and truth. They align all things to healing and Life.”

“It might take science >100-1000 years to categorize and understand some basic healing principles. Pioneers go first, science comes later.”

“Perhaps love is the basis of placebo. In that case let’s fill the world and to hell with the research. Ascendant mindfulness finds healing.”

“The doctor saw a symptom and gave a pill. The healer just smiled, looking past the disease to find the smile that brought recovery.”

 

Gary Richter
Dr. Richter is yet another integrative veterinarian, mixing science-based medicine with untested or quack therapies freely and claiming to be selecting the best of both. I’ve discussed elsewhere why this is a successful marketing approach but not actually a sound way to determine which treatments work and which don’t. Dr. Richter’s approach treats his personal anecdotal experience and controlled scientific research as equivalent, thus missing the entire point of science. As he says in advertising his book, “Each treatment recommended in this book has the backing of scientific research OR years of successful outcomes his clinical practice.” [emphasis added]

Dr. Richter includes acupuncture, chiropractic, stem cell therapy, PEMF, herbs, and unconventional nutrition among his list of alternative practices. He’s also a prominent advocate for cannabis in pets. Despite being less opposed to conventional medicine than many alternative practitioners, he seems perfectly comfortable making confident claims about the safety and efficacy of untested therapies based only on opinion and anecdote, which is the fundamental difference between science-based medicine and faith-based alternative medicine.

From this video series-

“From a doctor’s perspective, that’s a really tough conversation to have, to basically sit down with somebody and say, “There’s nothing else that we can do.” So, that really led me to start to investigate other areas of medicine outside of the scope of what I learned in veterinary school.”

“Our environment is a bit of a toxic soup”

“The truth of the matter is, is that dry dog and cat food…is far from optimal nutrition. And regardless of how good the ingredients were that went in,…by the time it gets down that processing line and it’s been cooked and extruded at over 400 degrees, there is not only a lot of nutrition that’s lost, but there’s actually a lot of things that are produced chemically within that food that legitimately cause cancer.”

From other sources-

“I got trained in acupuncture and chiropractic and began doing herbal therapy and a variety of other alternative treatments. I found it was enormously helpful and I was able to help conditions and fix things that I was never able to do with Western medicine alone”

“People who are against using cannabis as medicine just don’t understand the science…It’s indisputable at this point. The only reasons why people are against it at this point have to do with politics, really.”

“From a Chinese medical perspective, cancer is often described as stagnation, or phlegm, or interruption of energy flow. Chinese herbs are sort of categorized as what we would call either blood movers or something to break up stasis. And these are the herbal formulas that you tend to use to help treat cancer…Some of these herbal formulas that have been used for these purposes for thousands of years,…The Chinese didn’t have the vocabulary that we now use to describe that, but they sure did know which plants to use. They knew that it worked.”

 

John Robb
Dr. Robb is a veterinarian best known for his defiance of science and his state veterinary practice act with regard to vaccination practices. He is convinced that the “dose” of vaccines routinely given, especially for rabies, is harmful, and he has chosen to substitute his personal belief not only for scientific evidence but for the laws under which he practices. As a result of his refusal to follow scientifically establish vaccination guidelines and state law, his veterinary license was placed on probation for 25 years, and this decision was upheld in court.

I have discussed the issue of vaccine “dose” before, and Dr. Robb’s view is not based on sound science. Yet he viciously attacks the competence and motives of the veterinary profession for daring to believe experts and evidence rather than his opinion. He has painted himself as a martyr in a battle against corporate profits at the expense of animal health, but that is a self-serving and disingenuous characterization. In reality, he simply believes his personal beliefs should be deferred to and that he shouldn’t be held to standards of evidence other than his own opinion. Naturally, he is popular with the anti-vaccine crowd. How this or anything else makes him an expert of pet cancer or nutrition is unclear.

From this video series-

“Horrific diseases that cause so much pain and suffering. And yet the veterinarian—the word idiopathic is throughout the textbook. Idiopathic, it means we don’t know what causes it. Well, all these idiopathic diseases are all directly a result of vaccination.”

“So it’s a law and you know you’re killing them but you’re going to do it because it’s the law? Where’s your oath? Where’s your soul? Where’s your heart? That’s what the problem is here.”

”Who benefits when they get sick from—who does the surgery to remove the tumors? A veterinarian. So, they benefit when the animals get sick by charging more money. Now,I’m not saying they would do that on purpose, although some of them would, you know? So, you know, we’ve got to bring morality back into veterinary medicine.”

Well, [I’ve] been persecuted. That’s all I can tell you. Been persecuted. In other words, I’ve been in front of the state board two or three times. I’ve been locked out of meetings… I want to keep the pet healthy. I mean, but they want to—how to get them in the door. For what? Give them vaccines. Give them drugs. Prescription foods. All these things that make them sick… Well, you know, between being arrested, handcuffed to a stretcher, taken to the psych ward, had police sent to my house, okay? And I can go on and on with what they’ve done to try and intimidate me. But I don’t have a choice. I can’t sell out. Then who would I be?”

“They went to the state board and said, “Dr. Rob is lowering his volume on the rabies vaccine,” because I was! I said, “You’re darn right I am!” I have that right, as a doctor, to figure out the dosage, not some manufacturer of pharmaceuticals.”

“I’m writing immunity certificates. They’re not legal documents, but anybody who shows me a titer, I’ll write one. I’ll put my stamp on it…I don’t care what the law is.”

From other sources-

“It was while at Banfield that Dr. Robb came up against the Veterinary Establishment represented by the Mars Candy Bar Company. Mars put profits first and pet lives second.
Dr. Robb could not be bought or blackmailed….Dr. Robb told Mars that he, not Mars and not the Connecticut State Board, had the right to choose what volume of rabies vaccine he injected into a pet.”

“Dr. John Robb, a veterinarian based in Connecticut, said pets are being over-vaccinated as a way for the veterinary industry to make money. ‘These animals – they’re so sick. And they suffer so much. And we’re doing it to them for money. It doesn’t have to be that way.’”

“’Banfield says they treat you like family: since when are you being treated like family when your pets are lined up and injected with toxins’ said Dr Robb.”

 

Barbara Royal
Dr. Royal is a well-known integrative medicine vet and leader in the AHVMA. Though she claims to blend science-based and alternative medicine, she is not only an outspoken advocate for alternative treatments but a strong critic of the foundations of conventional medicine. She perpetuates the beliefs that vaccines and pharmaceuticals prevent and treat only superficial symptoms, not the actual causes of illness, and she regularly exaggerates the dangers and ignores the benefits of science-based treatments. At the same time, she promotes alternatives validated only by faith and anecdote.

As one might expect, knowing this, her theories about nutrition are a mish-mash of the appeal to nature fallacy, unsubstantiated fears about the toxic properties of commercial diets, and dramatic extrapolations from preliminary and limited science. Dr. Royal operates in a world where belief is more important than evidence and one is free to make confident claims based only on the strength of one’s personal belief, regardless of the lack of evidence.

From this video series-

“I definitely think there’s a correlation between food and cancer. I know it from 20 years of experience of watching animals eat themselves healthy.”

“I don’t think there’s a really good way to fight cancer if you’re feeding processed foods. I just don’t think it’s possible.”

“The perfect diet would be basically eating what would be completely natural to them, and what they’ve evolved to eat… the intestinal contents, the eyes, the spleen, liver, they’re going to eat everything there…We don’t put in nails and feathers and beaks and feet and toes. But, there’s a reason why they chew on those and eat them. It actually is something they’ve developed over time to help their GI tract”

“When someone says cancer to me, the first word I think of is im­balance. It’s just about making sure we’re providing all the causes of health in the right balance. It’s like the whole world, to me the earth is my biggest patient. How balanced is the earth would affect how healthy the earth is. Are there weird things happening? It’s happening with each animal, every species, are we bal­anced? Are we doing the thing we are supposed to do on the planet? Are we touching the ground, are we being involved, are we breathing good air?”

From other sources-

“If you are near a holistic veterinarian, ask for a post-vaccine detox – this can include homeopathic supplements.”

“Heartworm preventatives are a huge income to both veterinary clinics and the big pharmaceutical companies that manufacture the drugs…There are other alternatives to these poisonous chemicals…”

“Cure CANNOT be achieved in the physical body alone. Cure cannot be achieved by focusing on symptoms but on CAUSE…It is as if there is a dirty spot on a lens of a slide projector that is projecting an image on a screen. The traditional doctor works away on scrubbing the spot off the screen, while the holistic doctor cleans the lens, the cause of the spot on the screen…”

“When an animal is showing flu signs, conventional medical treatment will include antibiotics, cough medicine, subcutaneous fluids and B vitamins. Alternative medicine options include

HOMEOPATHY

Homeopathic viral nosodes, and other homeopathic combinations for flu and colds, like Oscillococcinum or Bryonia, are effective for reducing signs, lowering fever and improving upper respiratory condition. They are effective and safe

CHINESE HERBS AND OTHER SUPPLEMENTS

Six Gentle Pets is a very effective Chinese herbal combination that can reduce phlegm and decrease coughing.

Colloidal silver, either in a nasal spray or oral, may also be beneficial.”

 

Marlene Siegel
Dr. Siegel is an integrative veterinarian who practices nearly every questionable and quack therapy available, including, “chiropractic…Chinese medicine, acupuncture, Jin Shin jyutsu, Chinese herbs, intrinsic energy products, therapeutic laser, essential oils, Bach Flowers, emotional healing, and…Live Blood Analysis… magnetic resonance (Magnesphere), ozone, laser, homeopathy, touch healing,…aromatherapy, botanical medicine, flower, light and gem essences.” She has a decidedly mystical and unscientific concept of health and disease.

From this video series-

“Okay, well we’re old enough to remember. So, what do animals eat in the wild? They eat another animal. And they don’t barbecue it, and they don’t roast it. They eat it in the state that they killed it in. If we can start going back to our species-appropriate diets, if we can start eating that way ourselves, the amount of disease in our societies would go down dramatically.”

“What is really special for me is that I never, ever, ever look a client in the eye and say, ‘There’s nothing more I can do for you…’ That’s not an answer. That’s not acceptable…There is always something I can do my very first step in my healing quest, or my prevention quest, is to stop toxicity. So, we look at toxicity in every area that we can come across. The products that we clean the house. I have people read their labels, and if they can’t pronounce what’s on that label, I say don’t use it.”

“Did you know that there are over 60,000 chemicals in tap water? And the government put out a study that many of them are known carcinogens. And they’re not being filtered by our government…That’s a huge amount of toxic load.”

From other sources-

“Energy travels through meridians…Chakras are energy centers that encode and process physical, mental, emotional and spiritual experiences. They bath the organs in energy as well.

The aura surrounds the body, attracting beneficial energies and helps process necessary nutrients from the environment, like sunlight. The aura also helps us harmonize with the magnetic fields of the earth. It too impacts physical, emotional, and spiritual health.”

“Associated with every disease are trapped emotions. We know we pass our genes to our children, but we also can pass trapped emotions. These are emotions that are not “processed”, they do not pass through our body, but get “stuck” somewhere in the body. When they are “stuck” they continue to emit frequency, becoming energetically disruptive to the area they are stuck in. For example, people who experience extreme grief often trap these emotions in the lungs. If not released, these individuals may develop breast cancer or lung disease.”

“I address physical and energetic alignment through chiropractic and chakra balancing. Next I address detoxification and restoration of cell function.”

 

Rob Silver
Dr. Silver is an alternative medicine vet and prominent member of AHVMA and the Veterinary Botanical Medical Association. He also owns a line of “natural” supplements, teaches Chinese medicine and herbalism, and advocates for the benefits of cannabis in veterinary patients.

From this video series-

“I think processed food is toxic. There are some studies that indicate it’s probably carcinogenic…Plus, it’s not real food, and a lot of the foods, the raw materials that go into processed food are even worse than the food itself. I really think that’s a big cause.”

“We have huge amounts of pollution. People don’t realize how pervasive pollution is in our environment, and that’s big. It’s everywhere. It’s in our air, it’s in our water. It outgasses from our fabrics, in our drapery, in our cars. It’s everywhere…certainly, GMOs…”

“We give much more vaccinations than they need. And the vaccinations contain things like thiomersal which has mercury which has potential carcinogenic effects. I don’t think that veterinarians knowingly contribute to this….It’s just they’ve been brainwashed by the industry that’s trying to get them to sell their products.”

“Since I’ve been teaching veterinarians about cannabinoid therapy…a lot of people are coming up to me and sharing with me their own personal information. So yes, we are seeing cases where it does appear as though it causes the cancer to go into remission… I know an oncologist out in California who uses cannabis with her metronomic chemotherapy because it has all the same properties of the other metronomic drugs and a much greater safety profile… the big problem is just all this regulatory crap that no one seems to be willing to really settle as of yet. A lot of it has to do with money and investments of pharma and the government’s fear of a molecule like THC which has some anti-establishment activity as well.”

From other sources-

“Silver reminds us that archeological evidence indicates that early hominids observed animals using plants for food and medicines, and emulating their use of these plants was the beginning of the art and science of herbal medicine for humans. Our domestic animals have lost much of their herbal instinctual knowledge. Dr. Silver believes in view of this historical perspective, it is appropriate that we humans give back to them the benefits that we have learned from their ancestors by practicing herbal medicine on animals.”

“I find that instituting an effective behavioral modification program entails the integration of: training or re-training my patient’s behavior combined with specific nutritional, botanical and nutraceutical protocols; and both acupuncture (if the patient will allow) and a patient-specific prescription of Chinese herbs, based on tongue, pulse and behavioral assessments.”

“Chinese medicine assigns emotions to each of the Zang-Fu organs. The practitioner can assess aspects of those organs disharmony by observing their patient’s emotional expressions and through conversation.”

 

Lea Stogdale
Dr. Stogdale is a boarded internist and an integrative veterinarian who employs and promotes a variety of untested or questionable therapies alongside of science-based medicine. She is also an advocate of raw diets. Like many integrative practitioners, she alternates seamlessly between reasonable, science-based advice, advocacy for plausible but unproven interventions, and endorsement of complete nonsense such as homeopathy. Such individuals seem to think making no distinction between scientifically proven or at least plausible treatments, hopeful guesses, and misguided wishful thinking is being “open-minded.” Such a lack of distinctions, unfortunately only serves to given unjustified confidence in the safety and effectiveness of treatments that either haven’t been properly tested or simply don’t work.

Dr. Stogdale also has some interesting ideas on the nature of scientific evidence. She complains about the limitations of statistics, sample sizes, and other methodological problems with much veterinary research, which is all quite true. However, she then suggests that this justifies uncontrolled trial-and-error with individual patients as a superior alternative, which is just another way of rationalizing opinion-based and anecdote-based practice.

I will say that Dr. Stogdale sometimes pushes back against some of the beliefs in the holistic field that conflict with the evidence. In her interview, there were points at which she was willing to go against the agenda of the project (admitting, for example, that we really don’t know that cancer rates are increasing in pets), and the interviewer had to redirect her to more friendly subjects (such as the evils of dietary carbohydrates). This is a good reminder that opinions within the group participating in this project, even those actively promoting alternative medicine or critical of conventional veterinary practices, are not uniform or monolithic.

Dr. Stogdale’s expertise as an internist is genuine, which makes it all the more unfortunate that she has bought into so much pseudoscience and uses her credentials to support it.

From this video series-

“Currently what students are taught in vet school are taught by the veterinary pet food companies and I consider that a gross conflict of interest.”

“The problem with dog food is just the same problem as processed human food. It’s processed”

“As a veterinarian, it’s our responsibility to give all our owners every option. Make sure they are aware of any other options, so that maybe surgery or chemotherapy or radiation. Most of my owners decline that because they are more interested in integrated or holistic, with more gentle approach, but I make sure they have the options.” [a bit disingenuous since veterinarians have a great deal of influence over their clients as well as, selecting their client base by using language like “holistic medicine” and “more gentle approach”]

“BECKER: Perfect. Think back to vet school, what did you learn in vet school about cancer and nutrition?
STOGDALE: In vet school, I learned no nutrition.
BECKER: Excellent. That’s the best sound bite that we’ve had.” [these little editorial asides occur often in the transcripts and illustrate the goal of the project organizers to produce a very agenda-driven product to advance their point of view]

“What I do and what is still valid, when I talk about studies, and we need to study 10,000 cases or in cancer, 3,000 cases of something or other, and we can’t get the numbers unless you do multiple multi-centric trials…What we have to do is actually use the patient as its own control. And that is far more valid.”

“Why I come here, and why I can vaguely tolerate this conference, if I can get a lecturer that will actually tell me something new, which has yet to happen, is it is a little bit of a problem being informed and up to date, and open-minded and changing ideas. Because if I’m ahead of the curve, there aren’t that many people that are going to tell me a lot of new stuff, you know?”

From other sources-

“The Holistic Approach or Integrative Medicine considers the whole animal, not just the physical signs. The patient’s physical and mental well being as well as diet, exercise, life-style and environmental influences are all important considerations. The aim is to allow the patient’s body to heal itself and not just to use drugs to cover up the signs.  Therapies include the medical approaches or modalities of nutrition, supplements, herbal remedies, conventional western medicine, behavior modification and immune system support. We endorse and refer patients for physiotherapy, acupuncture, chiropractic adjustment, massage, homeopathy and Traditional Chinese Medicine.”

 

Susan Thixton
Ms. Thixton is a vehement activist at war with the pet food industry, government regulators, and anyone who doesn’t share her views about pet nutrition. She blames the death of one of her dogs on a preservative in pet food and identifies this experience as the genesis of her crusade.

Unfortunately, her passion is not matched by a respect for science or evidence or a very sophisticated understanding of epidemiology, nor does she have any apparent willingness to consider she might be mistaken or others might know more than she does about such issues.

Ms. Thixton is one of these “experts” whose expertise consists of all the information she can find that supports what she is determined to believe no matter what. She has served as a public member of AAFCO, the group that generates much animal feed regulation, but was dismissed in 2017 for personal attacks against other board members. She expresses deep contempt for science and for anyone who doesn’t see the industry/government conspiracy poisoning our pets that she warns about, and her participation in this series illustrates the degree to which it is ideologically driven.

From this video series-

“There are ingredients of pet food that are so inferior, they absolutely are causing cancer and more than likely a whole lot of other diseases in dogs and cats.”

“Absolutely, grains can play a significant role on a risk of cancer…t’s a roll of the dice. Are you going to roll the dice and feed grains or not?”

From other sources-

“The chemical that killed Sam – was ethoxyquin; it is still commonly used in many dog foods, cat foods, and pet treats.  The pet food company that killed her, is still one of the top pet food companies; although they no longer use ethoxyquin in their foods, they use many disease causing ingredients including dangerous chemicals/”

“If all the raw pet food recalls have you a little worried, when you learn of the action behind many of the recalls you’ll be even more worried. Fabricated lab results, intentional contamination, refusing to abide by law…and this is the regulatory authorities.”

“What we are seeing – what we have certain evidence of – is a regulatory bias that is a collective effort to destroy the fastest growing segment of the pet food industry (raw pet food). What we are seeing is all other toxic pet food issues ignored (including direct violations of federal law) while the attack on one segment of pet food is pushed forward directly by regulatory authorities.”

“Manufacturers, trade associations, veterinarians, pet store chains and even the regulatory system itself are all interwoven into a system where industry prevails and consumers (and their pets) struggle.”

“A wise man (Rodney Habib) taught me a lesson today. The Pet Feed industry is worried…worried that consumers are learning too much. So worried they can’t stop talking about us. And interestingly enough – they keep trying to convince each other pet feed is wonderful. As my wise friend explained – it’s snake oil salesmen trying to convince other snake oil salesmen how wonderful snake oil can be…that is, if they can just keep selling their snake oil.” [some may sense a hint of irony here, others not]

 

Allie Troutman
Dr. Troutman is an integrative veterinarian, practicing Chinese medicine and chiropractic along with conventional medicine, and she is a member of the AHVMA Board of Directors.

From this video series-

“We really want to feel like we are loving our pets in the most full, best way we possibly can by feeding them good food that says organic or natural or whole or nutritious. And then when we come to find out six months down the road, ten years down the road that we have been feeding them processed crap their whole life, that’s emotional.”

“I would say 30 to 40% of all the patients I see are second, third opinion can­cer consultations…They have been to traditional veterinarians, …and they’re just not getting what they need, what they’re looking for as far as a whole body approach.

They’re being told “your dog has cancer and there’s nothing we can do about it” and they are not satisfied with that answer because they know that there’s something they can do about that. And there is, and I always start the conversation with food.”

 

 

Other Participants

Dominick D’Agostino
Dr. D’Agostino is a researcher and advocate for ketogenic diets and hyperbaric oxygen theray. He is certainly a legitimate scientist, but he is also a bit single-minded on the subject, flirting with the One True Cause of All Disease fallacy. He also extrapolates freely from lab animal and human research data to clinical veterinary patients, which can be an unreliable way to predict the risks and benefits of new approaches. Generally, however, he avoids the extremes of many other alternative diet advocates involved in this project. He is also one of the leaders of the Epigenix Foundation and the Ketopet Sanctuary project.

Here are some sources of information about Dr. D’Agostino- 1, 2, 3

From this video series-

“Dogs have a different diet than what’s currently being advertised and employed. But we know that grain-based pet food is dirt cheap. That the companies that sell this pet food make much larger margins and profit if they’re able to peddle it and sell it without incorporating or acknowledging the real needs of pets and their metabolic physiology, and what it’s adapted to from an evolutionary perspective.”

“The current forms of cancer therapy are the most powerful carcinogens that we know. Including chemotherapy and radiation are probably the most powerful carcinogens.”

 

DogRisk Group
Johanna Anturaniemi
Anna Hielm-Bjorkman
Robin Moore
Noora Sjogren

As Mentioned above, DogRisk is an independent group which appears to be focused on generating evidence to support health benefits raw foods and a few other alternative health practices (such as acupuncture). The team is composed mostly of academic researchers, both vets and PhDs, working on issues of animal nutrition. The team all have legitimate credentials and research topics, but as a group they seem pretty dedicated to proving a set of pre-existing beliefs about raw diets rather than investigating the subject impartially. This is not, frankly, all that unusual in academic research, which is why a body of evidence from a variety of research groups with different methods and biases is needed to confidently judge any particular hypothesis.

It appears the group has struggled for funding, and they have not yet produced many peer-reviewed publications from their research, though they have presented some results of an online survey project. Hopefully, their work will eventually provide more insight into the pros and cons of raw and commercial diets, especially when replicated and evaluated by the larger research community.

From this video series-

“There is actually no science that says that we need to eat carbohy­drates, that we actually do need to use that glucose.”

“The dogs that we gave this high carbohydrate…what we see is that these dogs, they get into a chronic inflammatory state. And when you think that they’re eating this maybe for 12 years, it’s not any coincidence that we see all of these diseases that correlate with having cancer… they also, during their lifetime, they have much more skin diseases, they have ear infections, they have lipomas, they have tartar, they have anal gland infections. So, they have all these metabolic—what we see as metabolic diseases that comes from a metabolic inflammatory state produced by the diet.”

“They don’t have the knowledge. It’s an ignorance and it’s a frustration issue for veterinarians that they actually do not know. And they haven’t really taken the time to look at it as much as their customers. So, when—it’s like going into a doctor’s office and you know that the client knows more than the doctor. And that is a frustration issue. So, it’s kind of a normal counterattack from the vet to kind of react really negatively to it.”

“[raw food is] not really researched in universities. Most universities get sponsored by these big billion-dollar companies, and you don’t really want to step on their toes, I guess. But, I think that that’s not really ethical. I think that we have—if we know something and we know it to be true, then you just have to be able to do research on it.”

 

Joe Bartges
Dr. Bartges is a veterinary internist and nutritionist and a professor at the University of Georgia. He is another mainstream vet with some sympathy for “integrative medicine.” He avoids the extremes of some alternative medicine advocates, and his contributions to this series are quite minimal and, in themselves, reasonable. Though I disagree with Dr. Bartges on the subject of integrative medicine, I have no specific quarrel with what he says in his interview for these videos. I do feel, however, that he does a disservice to the veterinary profession and science-based medicine by allowing his name and credibility to be attached to a project which is dominated by much more unreasonable and extreme people and views.

More information about Dr. Bartges-

Raditic DM, Bartges JW. Evidence-based integrative medicine in clinical veterinary oncology. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2014 Sep;44(5):831-53.

UGA Faculty Bio

 

Tamar Geller
Ms. Geller is a celebrity dog trainer and activist known primarily for her emphasis on positive training methods. As happens all too often, she sometimes uses her celebrity to advocate for position on animal health despite no training or scientific expertise in the field. For example, she warns about the dangers of vaccines in her book, complaining that her dog “developed a case of hemophiliac anemia from being overvaccinated.” I presume she is referring to hemolytic anemia, since hemophilia is an entirely different disorder. The evidence is inconclusive about what role, if any, vaccines may play in triggering this disease (1, 2)

Ms. Geller also recommends raw diets and “holistic” medicine, suggesting that she has bought into the alternative medicine view. Of course, this is not a surprise given that anyone who has not would be unlikely to appear in this series, which is firmly devoted to promoting alternative medical approaches.

It is worth noting, though, that her appearance in the series is very brief, only a couple of short quotes. Given that other people interviewed have indicated that they were not told the agenda behind the project or how their comments would be interwoven with those of other people to create an impression of support for ideas they might or might not actually hold, it is possible that Ms. Gellar simply didn’t know how prominent extreme and anti-science perspectives would be in the final product.

From this video series-

“Let me tell you why your vet didn’t tell you [about alternative nutrition theories]. Your vet is an innocent victim; your vet simply doesn’t know. When vets go to vet school they come with open hearts. They’re trusting to be taught up-to-date, the best information, but they’re not.”

“They take food that is not fit for human consumption and they package it and they sell it to dogs and then they ask why do we have dog cancer?”

 

Miriam Kalamian
Ms. Kalamian is a human nutritionist inspired, as several others have been, by the work of Dr. Seyfried on ketogenic diets. She also has a personal story she tells on her web site and which incorporates a lot of disdain for conventional medicine, cancer treatment, and of course the pharmaceutical industry. She is the sort of practitioner who puts “evidence-based medicine” in scare quotes and sees the preference for data over anecdote and experience as a failing, not a strength, of mainstream healthcare. While there is some substance to some of the arguments in favor of ketogenic diets (I’ll talk about that issue in much more detail in my analysis of the content of the videos), many of the advocates for these diets, like Ms. Kalamian, are a bit single-minded about the subject and seem to view any pushback against the idea as proof of ignorance or unsavory motives.

 

KetoPet Group
Shannon Kesl
Amber Merjil
Daniel Orrego
Ron Penna
Shannan Penna
Paul Raybould
Teri Swanson

KetoPet Sanctuary is a non-profit focused on treatment of rescued shelter dogs with cancer using a raw ketogenic diets, hyperbaric oxygen, and exercise along with conventional cancer treatments. Some members of the group recommend a variety of other unproven methods or alternative methods (e.g. Yunnan baiyao)The organization is supported by the ketogenic diet advocacy charity The Epigenix Foundation and the Petco Foundation.

The Ketopet web site and marketing materials claim dramatic improvements in outcome, but there is not yet published evidence of this. They also deny that there is any risk of infectious diseases being spread by feeding raw meat, despite the evidence to the contrary. The group essentially appears to be conducting an experiment on alternative cancer therapies combined with conventional treatment, but without the usual formal mechanisms of research studies, such as oversight by ethics and animal welfare panels and methods for controlling bias and producing reliable, publishable data.

I appreciate the fact that this group is providing care for animals who would otherwise get none.  I also think some of the interventions, such as ketogenic diets and hyperbaric oxygen, deserve to be researched. My hope is that appropriately rigorous and ethical clinical studies are being done at KetoPet Sanctuary and they just haven’t made them public yet. However, my fear is that they are simply “trying out” ideas they believe in and generating anecdotes to support these beliefs rather than conducting real research, and this is not an approach that has been very successful at finding truly effective therapies. It is, in fact, an approach that tends to perpetuate ineffective treatments. In the best interests of veterinary cancer patients overall, I hope KetoPet will eventually produce good quality data we can all use.

From this video series-

Many people from KetoPet participated in this series, and there are too many to select individual quotes. Their comments tend to be about the mission of the KetoPet Sanctuary and about ketogenic diets in general. My only significant concern about the comments these folks make is that they continually use individual patient anecdotes to suggest they are doing “research” to validate their beliefs. Observation of individual patients and comparison with “expected” survival or other outcomes is not a very reliable way to evaluate whether a new treatment works, especially a complex set of interventions involving diet, exercise, hyperbaric oxygen, nutritional supplements, and others. At the end of the day, such case studies provide hypotheses to test, not proof of efficacy or safety. This requires controlled prospective studies with controls for bias and other error sources.

The KetoPet folks also complain that there is no money for such research because there is no patentable product to be produced. This has never been a convincing argument. They have raised millions of dollars to create the sanctuary and implement their approach, so it is disingenuous to suggest they couldn’t also find funding for high-quality, publishable research. Again, I hope they intend to do this, but the only time they talk about “research” at KetoPet, they are referring to case studies, to following individual patients, not to the kind of clinical trials needed to really demonstrate the true effect of their methods.

From other sources-

“We have seen a 94% success rate in reversing cancer in our dogs with our protocol. We believe that our nutrition protocol is doing the heavy lifting.”

“In the past 22 months…we have seen a 73% success rate in reversing cancer, reducing cancer or stopping tumor growth…We have seen zero metastases in any of the dogs…We believe that is is our ketogenic diet…that accounts for this high success rate.”

“At our KetoPet Program, …we have been reversing cancer in dogs with our ketogenic diet based protocol. We have achieved a 68% success rate in prolonging quality of life for our dogs and providing them forever homes.”

“Raw food closely replicates what a wild canine might eat in nature. When feeding dogs suffering from cancer, we believe that it’s important to only offer species appropriate nutrition that improves a dog’s metabolism.”

“Bacteria does not persist in the mouth of a raw-fed canine.”

“Pet Parents, hug your fur baby close- were you aware that the rendered meats used in mainstream pet foods contain the flesh of diseased stock yard animals, euthanized cats, dogs and horses, slaughter house scraps, and can even include road kill?”

 

Laurie McCauley
Dr. McCauley is a rehabilitation specialist. Rehabilitation and sports medicine are evolving areas in the veterinary field, and as such practices are often highly variably and rarely proven effective through rigorous clinical trial research. Many of the practices are borrowed from human medicine, in which there is good evidence to support them, so they are usually plausible and have at least some support in pre-clinical and human clinical research. Laser therapy and pulsed electromagnetic fields are a couple such practices Dr. McCauley recommends and which I have written about. These and many others used in rehab show some promise but lack strong, compelling evidence to support most of their uses and claims.

It is not surprisingly to find some sympathy with alternative medicine ideas in folks practicing in this evidentiary grey area. In addition to rehabilitation, Dr. McCauley is also certified in acupuncture and chiropractic, she recommends essential oils and Bach flower therapy, and she is deeply involved in the Amerian Holistic Veterinary Medical Association (AHVMA) as a board member and recipient of the organization’s Holistic Veterinarian of the Year award. Clearly, then, though much of what she promotes in the rehabilitation field is quite conventional and reasonable, if often not fully validated, she is at least supportive of more extreme and unscientific practices.

 

Loren Nations
Dr. Nations is a canine/feline medicine specialist. His contributions to the series consist mainly of, not surprisingly, promoting ketogenic and raw diets (that is, after all, a main theme of the series, so he likely wouldn’t have been invited if he didn’t). He is also an advocate for hyperbaric oxygen therapy. While I believe his enthusiasm is a little ahead of the evidence, he is one of those participants who doesn’t stray into the territory of pseudoscience advocacy, and I have to wonder if he is really aware of what is reputation and comments are being used to promote.

From this video series-

“Cancer has not made really significant im­provements over the last 40 or 50 years, even though we’ve got this war on cancer that everybody has been working so hard on. We just really haven’t moved the dial yet.”

“When I started getting really involved, there was a book called Pottenger’s Cats, and we talked about this. Back in the 1930s there was Dr. Francis Pottenger had a set of research cats and he noticed that when they were being fed unpasteurized milk and meats that had not been rendered or processed, he had a very, very healthy population of cats.

When they started pasteurizing the milk and cooking the food products he started noticing genetic problems and all these degenerative conditions… It turns out those are enzymes. Those enzymes that are found in natural, live, unprocessed foods…And that’s where raw foods come into play, because raw foods obviously have that enzyme compo­nent there which is taken out.”

[Pottenger’s study comes up often in discussions of raw diets. Though not bad for his era, his work with the cats is pretty sloppy by modern standards, and there is not enough information in his published writings to determine crucial things like whether there were differences other than cooking between the food the two groups received, whether the groups of cats themselves were different in terms of condition, health, age, sex, and all sorts of other relevant variables. And even from the information that is out there, it is clear that neither group received an adequate diet, especially in terms of taurine, not discovered to be an essential amino acid for cats until after Pottenger’s time. So his work cannot legitimately be regarded as scientific evidence in favor of raw diets, though it is often cited as such.]

 

Greg Ogilvie
Dr. Ogilvie is a respected veterinary oncologist and researcher. While he is a bit more sympathetic towards what I view as implausible treatments (e.g. this article), he is a rational, scientific clinician, and it is always frustrating to see his reputation attached to the kind of pseudoscience promoted by many of the other participants in this series. His own comments in the videos are quite circumspect, and from comments he has made in other contexts I know he is not yet convinced of the claims for ketogenic diets as a cancer therapy. As with Dr. Bartges and Dr. Nations, I am not sure he is fully aware of the sort of pseudoscience being promoted through this series or the attacks on science-based medicine in includes.

 

Richard Patton
Dr. Patton is an academic animal nutritionist (as opposed to a board-certified veterinary clinical nutritionist), focusing mostly on large and exotic animals). He is also a raw food advocate and believes, as most of the participants in this series do, that carbohydrates are the root of most or all health evils. He takes the approach that the optimal diet is the “natural” diet or what animals were able to find to eat in the wild. I’ve discussed previously why I think this is a reasonable but flawed view that suffers from the appeal to nature fallacy.

From this video series-

“What do I think of a starch diet? Well, I think it’s going to be a problem, and sooner rather than later. I think the individual on that diet, if it’s a dog, it’s going to die at seven or eight instead of 14. And it’s going to die after many trips to the vet and a lot of money.”

“Why do we buy the dog food we do? It’s because they sell it. Why do they sell it? Because we buy it. And no one is willing to look at the consequences in the same way that you or I might, and so nothing is changing.”

“Even the experts don’t get it. They think a calorie is a calorie and that’s not so. A calorie from carbohydrate is much more sinful than a calorie from fat.”

From other sources-

“A bowl of kibble once a day is tantamount to daily endocrine abuse and is unhealthful.”

 

Tom Seyfried
Dr. Seyfried is a biologist and researcher investigating metabolic and dietary approaches to treating disease, including cancer. He is one of the legitimate scientists included in this series who has done useful preliminary work but who is also convinced he has found a miracle cured the rest of the scientific and medical community has missed. Much of what he promotes remains to be proven safe and effective in clinical trials, though it rests on reasonable theoretical and pre-clinical grounds.

Unfortunately, while his research is contributing to the advancement of science and, hopefully, to the development of new strategies for preventing and treating disease, his participation in this project simply adds a patina of legitimacy to all the nonsense and quackery promoted by many other participants. Dr. Seyfried’s enthusiasm for his ideas seems to have blinded him to the potential harm of promoting them alongside advocates for pseudoscience and opponents of science-based medicine. It has also made him a pretty vicious critic of the mainstream scientific and medical communities. He appears to believe that any resistance to his ideas must stem from ignorance or evil motives.

From this video series-

“And it’s very hard to change dogma because dogma is a form of indoctrination. So, even when you look at these data and you’ve been indoctrinated, you can’t accept it….You can’t. You’re already—when your job depends on you not accepting this, you’re not going to be able to accept it.”

“But in cancer, why should we sacrifice millions of people and dogs and all these animals that are dying from cancer while we wait for the misinformed to die off? These people are dying now…Will we have to have another 50 years of dead cancer patients, dogs or people, before the paradigm changes? I said no. This is a tragedy of monumental proportions that needs to be addressed immediately.”

“BECKER: The American College of Veterinary Nutrition says, which are board certified veterinary nutritionists, they go to three extra years of school, their professional recommendation is that diet, a dog’s diet, does not influence cancer in any way. Thoughts?

“SEYFRIED: I don’t know what to say. Are they brain damaged? Do they have any functional brain cells? Do they read the literature? Can they comprehend the information? Why would they say that?”

“Giving a dog a food that it didn’t evolve to eat. Now that’s got to rain havoc on its metabolism… High processed nutritionally depleted foods are killing us, you know.”

“Drugging people to make them healthy or dogs, drugging them and radiating them and doing this absurdity, when you can do the same thing with food.”

“I talked to another vet from a dog food company, and they indicated that the dog has now evolved over the last thousand years to be able to eat grains. And I said this person is absolutely clueless as to the nature of evolution.”

“Misinformation and lacking knowledge are a dangerous combination, and this is what we have. This is what we have, and it’s institutionally supported, which is even more crazy…And the vets and the MDs and the people who don’t understand better get on board soon because they’re not going to have any customers or clients or patients, whatever you want to call them.”

“Study it when we have time. In the meantime, why don’t we try to help all these people that we know we can help right now?…We don’t need any new drugs…The academic community is focused on minutia, metabolic minutia that doesn’t translate well into the clinic at all… In the meanwhile, we have the corpses are piling up in the clinics…Why are all these people dying here? There’s a disconnect between the academic research on cancer and what’s actually is going to help the person in the clinic.”

“The pharmaceutical companies are not interested in this because there’s no profit in it. And the pharmaceutical companies and the top academic institutions and the NCI, they’re all back slapping and they’re all happy about this whole thing except for the guy in the clinic; he’s the one suffering.”

“How come nobody knows about this? Because every night we get a pharmaceutical thing on TV telling us how wonderful this drug is…Where are the commercials to support [dietary treatment]? The government should be doing that…but they’re corrupted in some way.”

“If I have 50 GBM patients that are four years out and they’re all healthy, you don’t think that’s evi­dence based medicine? What do you call that? The guy’s healthy. Look at Pablo on the YouTube. He chose no radiation, no surgery, no chemo. No surgery, no radiation, no chemo. Metabolic diet ther­apy and he’s doing fine. And then they say the evidence is weak? Well look at Pablo. How weak is he?”

“Surgery to the max, poisoned people to an inch of their life, irradiate them to the point—with the hope that they’re going to survive. This is nuts. This is insane. These people don’t know biology. They should not be allowed to practice medicine.”

From other sources-

“The low-carb, high-fat ketogenic diet can replace chemotherapy and radiation for even the deadliest of cancers.”

“’The reason why the ketogenic diet is not being prescribed to treat cancer is purely economical,’ said Dr. Seyfried, author of Cancer as a Metabolic Disease. ‘Cancer is big business. There are more people making a living off cancer than there are dying of it.’”

 

Tim Spector
Dr. Specter is a professor of genetic epidemiology and an expert on GI microbes. He has written a popular book as well as numerous research articles on the subject of GI flora and its impact on health. He is both a legitimate scientist and an eloquent popularizer of his area of expertise. In popularizing science, of course, some of the detail and nuance is inevitably lost, but Dr. Specter seems consistently on the side of science and against pseudoscience. Once again, this makes me wonder if he really understood who else was involved in this project and what the agenda was.

From this video series-

“I gave my son a McDonald’s diet for two weeks. He basically lost 40% of the diversity of his species in that time. I think from my recent studies, I can’t think of anything worse than giving high starch, highly processed, non-diverse foods to any animal for sustained periods of time.”

“If you look across large populations, cancer can be pretty much down to diet and lifestyle, or bad luck.”

From other sources-

“Most doctors have a few hours of medical school on nutrition and haven’t really updated themselves and don’t follow the trends whereas a lot of the public are extremely well informed but may be unable to separate the science from the pseudoscience,”

“If you don’t submit things to scientific peer review, any nutter can put up a theory online that is perpetuated as fact. I found lots of websites that claimed to have studies (but didn’t). A good example is coconut oil, claimed to be the best thing ever and so much better than any other type of oil and olive oil especially; when you followed it up the studies didn’t exist or were in such obscure journals your cat could have written it and been published.”

“Spector is worried that we are in a stage of transition, of wanting to change our ways and look after our health, but those who don’t know where to find information or understand complex issues are at risk of being lured away by snake-oil salesmen and cult figures. ‘Everyone should be a bit more critical about what they’re reading,’”

“It’s as if we have given up faith in God and religion and we’re now on a mission to convert people to join our club, or our group, (and) practise gluten-free or lactose-free or whatever it is.”

 

Alice Villalobos
Dr. Villalobos is a pioneer in hospice care for terminal pets. Though this is sometimes a controversial subject, I am supportive of high-quality palliative care, and I think the veterinary profession needs to be better informed and more aggressive about providing it. Given that there is not yet a well-established animal hospice field within veterinary medicine, there is little or no evidence available to identify best practices. Unfortunately, this opens the door for the use of untested or dubious methods, and these seem to be fairly common in the veterinary hospice community.

As Dr. Villalobos puts it, “pioneers always have arrows in their backs, so I developed a thick skin.” She clearly has a lot of confidence in her own experience and judgment, and the deserved recognition for her many accomplishments surely strengthens this. Along with conventional treatments, she recommends a variety of “natural” products and supplements, and she is convinced her integration of “Eastern” medicine with conventional medicines has been validated, despite the lack of much scientific evidence to support this.

From this video series-

“Why don’t we start looking at what we’re feeding our animals as a big, perva­sive, and self-destructive problem?”

“Most of the veterinary nutritionists in the world I believe are not in private practice. I believe they are actually working for industry, which is being supported by the corn belt and the sugar belt.”

From other sources-

“Back in the 1970s, I wanted to integrate the best of Eastern medicine into our modern medicine, surgery and oncology practices. We began by encouraging associates to study acupuncture and used nutraceuticals  as immunonutrition to support the immune system and organ function of our chemotherapy patients to reduce adverse events… Back then, I was out on a limb using beta glucans from mushrooms and antioxidants for my cancer patients. Now, we use antioxidants openly…It is great to see the validation coming in now!”

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